摘要:

Carmustine and fotemustine were perfused using a bolus retrograde infusion into the right external carotid artery of rats. The right jugular vein gave blood samples. Using a previously described method, nitrosoureas were continuously measured in rat brain by voltammetry and in blood samples by high-performance liquid chromatography for 15 min. Cerebrovascular permeability coefficients calculated in the first 2 min were 0.9 • 10-4 cm • s-1 for carmustine and 0.5 • 10-4 cm • s-1 for fotemustine. These high brain permeability coefficients were compared to literature values for carmustine and other nitrosoureas determined with a radioactive pr

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238687

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In the past, vancomycin has been reported to cause renal failure during intravenous administration; however, more recently, such renal toxicity is alleged not to occur because of increased purity of the vancomycin preparations. In this study, 23 patients were prospectively examined during intravenous vancomycin administration for changes in renal function. Vancomycin was administered for an average of 15 days. The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) changes averaged + 1.7 mg/dl and the creatinine changes averaged + 0.06 mg/dl. Since the accuracy of the serum creatinine determination was ± 0.3 mg/dl, clinically significant deterioration of renal function occurred in 4 patients or 17%. Even among these 4 patients with documented worsening of renal function, we suspect that deterioration was related to the infection being treated. With close monitoring of dosing, the propensity of vancomycin to cause nephrotoxicity may be less than once thought

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238688

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Each of 40 patients underwent elective laparotomy following administration of a single 1.0-gram intravenous dose of ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone, cefoperazone or cefotaxime. Therapeutic concentrations of cefoperazone and ceftriaxone were achieved in peritoneal tissue in 20/20 patients. Only 9/20 samples from patients receiving the other two antibiotics had detectable antibiotic activity. The antibiotic concentration in peritoneal fluid (7 samples) was 2.36–11.15 times higher than that of concurrently obtained peritoneal tissue. When adjusted for the in vitro susceptibility (MIC) of potential peritoneal pathogens, our data suggest that ceftriaxone and cefoperazone may be preferable to other third-generation cephalosporins for the prophylaxis and therapy of intraabdominal infectio

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238689

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The pharmacokinetics of miocamycin, a new macrolide antibiotic, was studied in 6 healthy controls and 6 patients with compensated liver cirrhosis. The results indicate that in chronic liver disease the kinetics of the drug is altered. Therefore, a dosage adjustment of miocamycin is recommended when dealing with these patients.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238690

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The in vitro activities of the newer agents Deptomycin, Difloxacin, A-56620 and Ciprofloxacin were compared with those of vancomycin, rifampin and gentamicin against methicillin-susceptible and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus and co-agulase-negative staphylococci. All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, rifampin, deptomycin and the quinolones tested. Newer agents had activity superior to that of vancomycin, whereas the activity of the newer agents and rifampin was comparable. Gentamicin resistance was frequent, however, the resistant staphylococci were susceptible to other antibiotics tested.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238691

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Ceftriaxone and cefotaxime are third-generation cephalosporins with similar in vitro potencies and spectra. However, previous studies have shown that ceftriaxone had superior in vivo activity (mouse PD50 2-fold lower) compared to cefotaxime in 23 of 46 tested enterobacteriaceae. This superior activity was thought to be due to ceftriaxone’s 5- to 8-fold longer half-life. The relationship between half-life (ceftriaxone 6 h, cefotaxime 1 h) and potency was examined by following bacterial kill curves in a single chamber, open-ended perfusion model over an 8-hour period. Both antibiotics were compared for efficacy at both half-lives against four gram-negative bacteria. For two of the bacterial strains antibiotic potency differences in the perfusion model were determined largely by pharmacokinetics. For the other two strains intrinsic bacterial and antibiotic properties were of prime importanc

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238692

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The occurrence of a paradoxical effect of cloxacillin and benzylpenicillin in 7 strains of Staphylococcus aureus was studied with time killing curves in vitro. The isolates were exposed to 1,2, 10 and 100 x MIC of the antibiotics. A paradoxical effect was found in 5/7 strains with cloxacillin and in 4/7 with benzylpenicillin. All strains were killed faster with 2 x MIC than with 100 x MIC. All strains that showed a paradoxical effect with cloxacillin did so already at 10 x MIC. For benzylpenicillin the effect occurred at 10 x MIC for 2 strains and at 100 x MIC for 2. A single MBC/MIC ratio will not reveal the paradoxical effect.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238693

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The in vitro activity of the 4-quinolone compound fleroxacin (Ro-23–6240) was compared with that of 14 other antimicrobials against a total of 50 recent clinical isolates of 25 slime- and 25 non-slime-producing coagulase-negative staphylococci. Susceptibility testing (MIC/MBC) was performed by a microtiter broth dilution technique and the combination effect of fleroxacin plus rifampin was studied by checkerboard titration in microtiter trays. Fleroxacin inhibited the most slime- and non-slime producing coagulase-negative staphylococci at MIC9O 0.25 and 1 ug/ml, respectively. Overall fleroxacin was as active or even better as ofloxacin, cefotiam, cefazolin, cefamandole, clindamycin or vancomycin but 2- to 8-fold less active than rifampin. The fleroxacin-ri-fampin combination was indifferent in 17%, additive in 78.7%, and synergistic in 4.3

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238694

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We determined the bactericidal activity of ceftriaxone on 20 streptococci isolated from patients with infective endocarditis and that of penicillin G on 5 strains. The MICs of ceftriaxone were ^2 μg/ml and the MBCs were low for 5 nontolerant strains (^2 μg/ml) and high for 15 tolerant strains (≥16 μg/ml). The maximal reduction of the viable bacterial counts after 24 h of exposure to antibiotic was achieved for a concentration of ceftriaxone of 4, 32 and 256 μg/ml, respectively for 5, 10 and 19 strains. The activity of penicillin G was si

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238695

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The in vitro activity of the 4-quinolone compound fleroxacin (Ro-23–6240) was compared with that of enoxacin, ofloxacin, cefepime (BMY-28142), ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and tobramycin against a total of 30 recent clinical isolates of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus subsp. anitratum. Susceptibility testing (MIC50/MIC90) was performed by a microtiter broth dilution method and the combination effect of ceftriaxone plus tobramycin was studied by checkerboard titration in microtiter trays. Fleroxacin inhibited most A. calcoaceticus subsp. anitratum at 1 μg/ml and was as active as enoxacin or tobramycin but slightly less active than ofloxacin (MIC50 = 0.25 jig/ml, MIC90 = 0.5 μg/ ml) or cefepime (BMY-28142: MIC50 = 0.25 μg/ml; MIC90 = 1 μg/ml). Ceftazidime and ceftriaxone were inactive (MIC90 = 8 μg/ml and 32 μg/ml, respectively). The combination of ceftriaxone plus tobramycin was synergistic in 16.7%, additive in 60%, and indifferent i

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238696

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger