摘要:

Concentrations of cefotetan in the intestinal wall of patients with Crohn’s disease were investigated with the method of tissue homogenates with the aim to evaluate the effects of inflammation on tissue distribution. Twenty-four patients who underwent surgery were treated with a 2-gram single dose of cefotetan intravenously before the operation. The mean tissue levels in inflamed intestinal wall were constantly higher than in normal wall, but the difference was statistically significant only in samples taken more than 2 h after cefotetan administration (31.0 ± 17.8 vs. 14.7 ± 11.4 mg/kg; p < 0.05). The mean residence time was 284.3 min for inflamed tissue and 123.9 min for normal. The areas under the curve were significantly higher in inflamed wall than in normal, with mean values of 4,789 and 3,020.2 mg/l · h, respectively (p < 0.05). Inflammation seems to facilitate the penetration of cefotetan into the intestinal wall of patients with Crohn’s disease but above all, it increases the mean residence time in inflamed

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238871

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The penetration of an antibacterial agent into the bronchial secretions is a crucial factor in determining its clinical efficacy in the treatment of bacterial respiratory infections. Roxithromycin is a novel macrolide compound active against the most frequent respiratory pathogens. Following administration of 150 mg p.o., we observed a prompt penetration of the compound into bronchial secretions of critically ill patients. Elevated concentrations above the MICs of the commonest susceptible pathogens are reached and maintained until the next administration.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238872

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Ro 24-4383 contains desacetylcefotaxime linked by a carbamate bond at the 3′ position to ciprofloxacin. Ro 24-4383 was active against 99% of the 363 gram-positive and gram-negative aerobes tested in vitro, while the comparative agents cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin were active against 77 and 97%, respectively. The activities (ED50: mg/kg s.c.) of Ro 24-4383, cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin in systemic murine infections were: Escherichia coli 257, 1.4, < 0.5, < 0.2; Klebsiella pneumoniae A, 11, 30, 0.7; Enterobacter cloacae 5699, 3.2, 35, < 0.2; Citrobacter freundii BS16, 3, 41, < 0.5; Serratia marcescens 100,1.6; Pseudomonas aeruginosa 5712, 67,100,10; P. aeruginosa 8780, 33,193, 3; Staphylococcus aureus Smith (oxacillin-susceptible), 12, 3.7,1; S. aureus 100, 2; Streptococcus pneumoniae 50, and S. pyogenes 4, 3.3, 1.6, 54. Ro 24-4383, although inactive against the S.-pneumoniae-induced pneumonia following one administration of the agent, was highly active (ED50 = 1.5) when three treatments were given following infection. Ro 24-4383 was active against the K.-pneumoniae-induced pneumonia (ED50 = 37), as well as the meningitis induced by S. pneumoniae (ED50 = 158) or K. pneumoniae (ED50 = 100). The protective effect of Ro 24-4383 was demonstrated when administered 8 h before infection with E. coli (ED50 = 37) and 4 h before infection with S. pyogenes (ED50 = 199

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238873

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Polyvalent, equine antitoxin (250 IU/mouse) passively protected NMRI mice against 7 of 9 challenge strains of Clostridium perfringens type A. Two human immunoglobulin G (IgG) preparations (Polyglobin N® and Sandoglobulin®) and two rabbit immune sera prepared against formalinized cells of C perfringens were ineffective. Cell homogenates of 4 C. perfringens strains revealed more than 15 polypeptides in SDS-PAGE electropherograms; the molecular weights ranged from 138 to 14.4 kD. Normal human serum from 2 donors revealed up to 3 immunoblot-reactive antibodies against 126-, 69.2-, 49- or 14.4-kD antigens, the two rabbit immune sera showed antibodies against 4–7 distinct antigens that ranged from 138 to 28.8 kD, whereas the two human IgG preparations revealed antibodies against up to 12 antigens (range 138.7–31.6 kD) and antibodies against lower-molecular-weight ( < 24.5-kD) components. Polyvalent, equine antitoxin reacted with at least 14 polypeptides (range 136.5–31 kD) and numerous smaller ( < 24-kD) com

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238874

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Direct virus inactivation of tachyplesin I and related isopeptides, which are antimicrobial peptides isolated from the hemocytes of the horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus and Limulus polyphemus),was examined against several viruses. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) was inactivated by incubation with tachyplesin I and its isopeptides. Influenza A (H1N1) virus was slightly inactivated by tachyplesin I, whereas herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, adenovirus 1, reovirus 2 and poliovirus 1 were resistant to inactivation. The inactivation of VSV by tachyplesin I depended on the concentration, the time and the temperature of incubation. Pretreatment of tachyplesin I with trypsin or lipopolysaccharide of gram-negative bacteria entirely abolished the antiviral activity. Electron microscopy of VSV treated with tachyplesin I showed naked and damaged virions. These data suggest that tachyplesin I directly inactivates the VSV by destroying its envelope subunits.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238875

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of ampicillin and sulbactam on the interaction in vitro of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) with Staphylococcus aureus was examined. The exposure of a non-penicillinase-producing S. aureus strain to one fourth the MIC of ampicillin but not of sulbactam significantly increased the uptake of bacteria by human PMN. This effect was also observed when bacteria were exposed to the MIC0 25 of different combinations of ampicillin and sulbactam (2/1, 1/1, 1/4, 1/8 and 1/32). These effects were not observed when a penicillinase-producing strain was used. The production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide radicals by human PMN was not affected by the presence of these antimicrobials. Ampicillin and sulbactam, neither alone nor in combination, showed intracellular activity against S. aureus within human PMN.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238876

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The efficacy and safety of fluconazole, a new triazole antifungal agent, was evaluated in 24 patients with neutropenia due to cytotoxic anticancer chemotherapy with polyfactorial immunodepression. Twenty of 23 patients benefited from treatment, and except for 1 patient with mild abdominal discomfort the drug was well tolerated. Mycological eradication appeared in 17 from 23 evaluable patients, superinfection in 1 case and persistence could be evaluated in 5 cases. Candida albicans, C. crusei and C. pseudotropicalis together with Torulopsis sp. were the most frequently isolated organisms from pharyngeal and esophageal mucosa in treated patients with oropharyngeal and esophageal mycosis.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238877

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The efficacy and safety of the two antibiotic combinations, ceftazidime plus amikacin and ceftriaxone plus amikacin were compared in an open randomized trial. 100 episodes of neutropenia caused by malignant diseases and/or cytostatic drugs were evaluated in 66 males and 34 females with a mean age of 49.4 years. The types of infections treated were: septicemia 38, fever of undetermined origin 26, pneumonia 13, ear, nose and throat infections 11 and others 12. 17 episodes were not evaluable (6 protocol violations, 6 doubtful infections and 5 non-bacterial infections). The overall results were comparable, with a 74% success rate for ceftazidime and a 70% rate for ceftriaxone (criteria of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer). In the patients with septicemia, the success rate was 64% in the ceftriaxone and 57% in the ceftazidime group. Eight patients died during the treatment, in 5 cases due to infectious complications. There were no differences between the two groups in respect of efficacy or toxicity.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238878

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Report on the results with a new therapy with a complex combination (rifampicin + co-trimoxazole + isoniazid) for the treatment of leprosy. High tolerance. Duration of treatment 2 months.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238879

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In order to potentiate the efficacy of antiemetic drugs such as metoclopramide (MCP) and the new drug GR 38032F, adjuvant antiemetic drugs such as benzodiazepines are used in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. The purpose of our prospective study was to investigate the efficacy of alprazolam (APZ), a newer diazepam, as an adjuvant antiemetic drug, when combined with MCP, in carboplatin (JM8)-based chemotherapy. Thus, 42 patients entered this study. First they received only MCP 1 mg/kg in 15 min infusion (arm A). In the next cycle they received the combination of MCP in the same dose and a tablet of APZ 0.25 mg, 30 min before JM8 infusion and then 3.5, 5.5 and 11.5 h after (arm B). JM8 was administered alone (400 mg/m2) or in combination (300 mg/m2) with vinblastine (6 mg/m2), etoposide (100 mg/m2) or 5-fluorouracil (1,000 mg/m2). In arm A, according to the WHO classification, nausea was intense (p < 0.003) and the duration of nausea longer (p < 0.002). In arm B more patients did not present vomiting (p < 0.018). Secondary effects such as appetite (p < 0.04), diarrhea (p < 0.064), diaphoresis (p < 0.085) and headache (p < 0.024) were worst in arm A. We conclude that APZ increases the antiemetic effect of MCP on JM8. APZ is a useful adjuvant antiemetic drug, especially against the development of anticipatory anxiety, nausea and vomiting that many cancer patients presented during chemotherapy.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238880

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger