摘要:

The statistical analysis of the blood levels of the antibiotics rifampicin, chloramphenicol, novobiocin and tetracycline in 170 men and 142 women shows that there is a significant difference between males and females. This difference cannot be explained with difference in body weight.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221262

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The biliary excretion of cephalothin has been studied both by perfusion of isolated rabbit livers and during biliary drainage in the human. In the perfused rabbit liver, cephalothin added to the circulating blood is partly eliminated in the bile where the antibiotic activity is similar to that of the serum. Following a single injection of 1g to 10 cholecystectomized patients, the maximal concentration in the bile collected by external drainage reached after 1–3 h an average of 15.5μg/ml. Simultaneous determinations showed higher levels of cephalothin concentration in the gallbladder bile than in the common duct bile. In two patients with impaired renal function, cephalothin concentration in bile obtained by duodenal drainage was found to be more elevated than in five normal subjects. Biliary elimination of cephalothin appears to be sufficient to justify the use of this antibiotic in the treatment of biliary tract infectio

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221263

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

200 strains of Salmonella typhi were tested for sensitivity to furazolidone, chloramphenicol, ampicillin (penbritin) and tetracycline hydrochloride. All the 200 strains were sensitive to furazolidone and chloramphenicol by disc method. Only 3% strains were resistant to ampicillin which, however, produced larger zones of inhibition than any other agent. The mean bactericidal concentration of furazolidone as tested by tube dilution method was 1.2 μg. The mean inhibitory concentration by plate dilution method was 1.47 μg. The size of inhibition zone showed an inverse relationship with MBC by tube dilution and MIC by plate dilution method. The strains with similar zones of inhibition by disc method were inhibited by varying concentrations of drug as tested by tube dilution and plate dilution method

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221265

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Bi-resistance to high concentrations of gentamicin and carbenicillin began to appear in strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the urine of patients in several clinics and stations of our area. Nine out of 142 ‘urine strains’ of Ps. aeruginosa isolated from July to November 1971 are highly resistant to the above-mentioned antibiotics and also to others. Four additional strains appeared to be highly resistant to carbenicillin only, retaining their relative susceptibility to gentamicin. Transfer of both GR and CaR determinants to E. coli K12 recipient strains, however, did not take place. Thus, rifampicin-resistant high-level mutants of four GSCaS wild type strains of Ps. aeruginosa were obtained and used as recipients for both GR and CaR determinants. Three bi-resistant GRCaR strains (No. 138, 140 and 110) transferred GR determinants to individual RiR recipients, but none transferred CaR. The transfer was inter-strain specific and no general recipient mutant was so far obtai

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221266

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The action of gentamicin on penicillin G-induced spheroplasts was studied in 4 Proteus strains (1 Proteus mirabilis, 2 P. rettgeri, 1 P. vulgaris). Although marked synergism could be demonstrated, this synergism between penicillin G and gentamicin was not increased by spheroplast formation. No greater bactericidal activity of gentamicin resulted when Proteus rods were transformed into spheroplasts by penicillin. Gentamicin disc sensitivity of Proteus spheroplasts after inactivation of penicillin was not better than of Proteus rods. Gentamicin and probably other aminoglycosides should not be recommended as drugs of choice for treatment of spheroplast or L-form infections.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221267

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The minimal inhibitory concentrations of trimethoprim (TMP), sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) and the combination trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ) in a ratio of 1:20 have been determined for 97 bacterial strains (66 Escherichia coli, 13 Proteus mirabilis, 22 Enterococcus, 12 Staphylococcus, 4 Klebsiella and Enterobacter and 4 others) using the agar-dilution technique. The same strains and an additional 31 strains were tested for sensitivity to TMP/SMZ and SMZ by the agar-diffusion test. 48 of them were also examined for TMP sensitivity by this method. All strains had been isolated from urine of patients suffering from acute urinary tract infections. 43% of these strains were sensitive to SMZ, 90% were sensitive to TMP and 95% to TMP/SMZ. The potentiation of TMP by combination with SMZ was more than 5-fold in 97% of the sulfonamide-sensitive strains and in 54.8% of the sulfonamide-resistant strains. The in vitro results seem to indicate that TMP is almost as useful a bacteriostatic chemotherapeutic as its combination with SMZ. The enhancement of its activity by sulfonamides in man cannot yet be evaluated, because only insufficient experience exists in the treatment with TMP alone. TMP and TMP/SMZ were also tested for bactericidal activities on 5 strains. Against 3 of these strains TMP as well as TMP/SMZ showed only bacteriostatic activities. With the other 2 strains slight bactericidal activities of TMP and TMP/SMZ could be demonstrated within 18 h of incubation. There was no major difference between TMP and TMP/SMZ as far as bactericidal activities were concerned. For sensitivity testing the agar-diffusion technique using two discs that contain the single components or one disc containing 1.25 μg TMP is recommended, since it could be shown that the potentiation of TMP by SMZ cannot sufficiently be demonstrated by the agar-diffusion technique using one disc containing both substances

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221268

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The susceptibility pattern against oxolinic acid of 161 bacterial strains causing urinary tract infections was investigated simultaneously in serial dilution and agar diffusion tests. Oxolinic acid proved to be very active against E. coli and pathogens of the Proteus and Klebsiella-Aerobacter group. Most Staphylococcus aureus strains were also sensitive. The antimicrobial activity against Ps. aeruginosa and Enterococci, however, was low. There was good accordance between the results of the serial dilution tests and of the agar diffusion tests (2 μg sensitivity discs). In addition, the susceptibility pattern of 621 urinary tract pathogens was evaluated in agar diffusion tests. As compared to other widely used antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents oxolinic acid demonstrated in vitro a favorable antimicrobial activity

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221269

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhoea pivampicillin, a recently introduced ampicillin derivative with improved oral absorption, has been compared with oral ampicillin and parenteral penicillin G. Pivampicillin was used as a one-day dose of 1.4 g (equimolar to 1 g of anhydrous ampicillin) given in two doses with 5 h interval. Ampicillin was used in a one-day dose of 2 g given in two doses with 5 h interval. Penicillin G was given in a single intramuscular injection of 1.0 MU of benzyl penicillin plus 1.5 MU of procaine penicillin. Each treatment group included 200 patients, 100 of each sex. The rate of probable true recurrence after treatment was similar in the three treatment groups, 4% with pivampicillin, 3% with ampicillin and 3.5% with penicillin G treatment. All drugs were highly effective also in females with gonococci in their rectal specimens.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221270

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger