摘要:

Acyclovir [9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine] is a new antiviral agent which has specific activity in virus-infected cells. The drug has a high therapeutic index in animal and laboratory models but had not been tested for toxicity in human eyes at the time of this study. A randomized double-blind study on patients requiring antiviral therapy for treatment or prophylaxis of herpetic ocular infections revealed minimal irritation associated with topical administration. Further controlled studies will be necessary to evaluate this compound’s clinical efficac

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237935

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Netilmicin was compared with sisomicin, tobramycin and amikacin against 65 recent clinical enterobacterial isolates found to be highly resistant to gentamicin (MIC ≥ 80 μg/ml). Netilmicin showed a high activity against 20 out of 65 strains tested. Most of the sensitive strains (60%) to netilmicin required a concentration of gentamicin equal or lower than 160 μg/ml for inhibition. Amikacin proved to be extremely effective in all the organisms tested. Tobramycin was consistently less active than either netilmicin or amikacin and the same was the case with sisomicin. The MIC was determined in both solid and liquid media for 24 strains. Depending upon which aminoglycoside was used, we found that 10–30% of the enterobacteriaceae exhibited a twofold diminution of MIC when tested in broth as compared to agar, while the greater proportion of strains was characterized by a higher MIC tested in broth as compared to

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237936

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In routine sensitivity testing by the disc diffusion method, one member for each group of related antibiotics is chosen to represent the group. Each new antibacterial drug is evaluated with respect to its previous antibiotic class disc. In this study, trimethoprim combined with sulphadiazine in the ratio 1:4 was compared when combined with sulpha-methoxazole in the ratio 1:20. Trimethoprim inhibited 86% of the bacterial strains tested at ≤4μg/ml and the sulphonamides 50% of the strains at ≤64 μg/ml. Regression line analysis showed that in sensitivity testing to trimethoprim alone discs with 5 μgcan be used. Trimethoprim combined with sulphamethoxazole or sulphadiazine inhibited 84% respectively 91% of the strains at 0.5–8 μg/ml. Trimethoprim combined with either sulphon-amide produced superimposable regression lines. Therefore, sensitivity testing to trimethoprim/sulphadiazine can be performed by using discs with trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole and the inhibition zone ≥ 15 mm denotes susceptibility in the treatment of lower urinary tract

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237937

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The virulence of a multiple antibiotic-resistant isolate of Escherichia coli was compared to that of the same isolate ‘cured’ of its resistance by acridine orange, and to that of the cured bacteria transformed back to resistance by the plasmid DNA extracted from the original resistant isolate. There were virtually no differences in the mouse LD 50 of these three variants of the same organ

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237938

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Resistance patterns to antibiotics differed markedly between indole-positive and indole-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. Multiple-drug-resistant strains were almost exclusively indole-negative. Ampicillin and kanamycin resistances in the indole-positive strains tested were not transmissible, whereas many of those resistances in the indole-negative strains were transmissible, together with other drug resistances to an Escherichia coli recipient. The substrate profile of the β-lactamase from the indole-positive strains was fairly different from that of the β-lactamase mediated by the ampicillin resistance plasmi

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237939

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

To compare the in vitro activity of cefamandole with ampicillin, cefoxitin, and gentamicin, each antimicrobial was tested against 419 bacteria isolated from the blood of patients with proved sepsis. Cefamandole was active against all gram-positive cocci except the enterococci. Most Enterobacteriaceae were inhibited by both cefamandole and cefoxitin. Cefamandole showed an activity similar to ampicillin against Haemophilus influenzae. The percent of blood culture isolates considered susceptible to the drugs tested were as follows: cefamandole 79%, cefoxitin 78%, ampicillin 55% and gentamicin 81%. None of the drugs tested would be adequate alone for treatment of sepsis of unknown etiology based on in vitro susceptibility data.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237940

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The bacterial flora has been studied by direct sampling techniques at various levels in 25 cases of acute small bowel obstruction. The presence of coliform bacteria in the distal ileum below the level of obstruction and progressive increase of bacterial counts from the jejunum towards the distal ileum above the obstruction suggest that ingestion may not be the only factor of bacterial growth in the small bowel in acute intestinal obstruction. Moreover, indirect peritoneal contamination in 8 cases of long-standing acute small bowel obstruction indicates that possibly a combination of multiple factors like ingestion of food, retrograde spread from the large bowel, lymphatic and/or hematogenous spread are responsible for bacterial dissemination in and around the obstructed bowel.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237941

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The tolerance and efficacy of netilmicin (NM) were studied in pediatric patients who had gram-negative bacillary pneumonia. 16 patients ranging in age from 19 months to 19 years were enrolled in the study. Sputum was obtained through percutaneous transtracheal aspiration (14 patients) or suctioning through endotracheal tube (2 patients) and was cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. More than one pathogen was isolated in 14 of the 16 patients, and anaerobic bacteria were recovered from 7 of them. The gram-negative bacilli recovered included Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9), Klebsiella pneumoniae (7), Serratia sp. (5) Escherichia coli (4), and Proteus mirabilis (1). The pretreated clinical isolates were tested for in vitro susceptibility. In vitro testing showed no single aminoglycoside to be clearly superior to the other. The median minimal inhibitory concentration of NM, gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin ranged between 0.5 and 2 μg/ml. NM was administered i.m. at a mean daily dose of 5.1 mg/kg. The duration of therapy was 10–14 days (mean 11.6). The mean concentration of NM 1 h after the first dose was 3.3 μg/ml. When measured after the 2nd day of therapy, the peak was 3.8 μg/ml and the through 0.9 μg/ml. Concomitant antimicrobial agents were administered during therapy with NM in 12 patients, but only in 2 they were potentially effective against aerobic gram-negative bacteria. No local or systemic adverse reactions were noted. Among the 14 evaluated cases there was complete cure in 12 and partial cure in 2. NM was thus found to be safe and effective in the treatment of gram-negative pneumonia in chi

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237942

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237943

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237944

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger