摘要:

The biliary excretion of ampicillin was studied in various conditions. Using an isolated perfused rabbit liver preparation, 4.1% of the amount of ampicillin added to the circulating blood (10 mg) was recovered in the bile where the maximum antibiotic activity (mean: 104 ± 21μg/ml) was 4 times higher than in the serum (mean: 24.1 ± 3.4 μg/ml). In man, provided with T-tube drain, the oral or intravenous administration of 500 mg ampicillin resulted in a biliary excretion of 0.10% of the administered dose. The biliary concentrations thus obtained equalled or exceeded for several hours the minimal inhibitory concentration of the organisms included in the antibacterial spectrum of ampicillin justifying thus the use of this antibiotic in the treatment of biliary tract infections. Per-operatory assays showed that in patients with gallbladder disease or with cystic duct obstruction, ampicillin levels in the gallbladder bile were markedly lower than in the common duct b

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221989

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The concentrations of tinidazole in various tissues and body fluids were studied in gynaecological patients after a single 2 g oral dose. Tinidazole was determined by the agar-diffusion technique using a strain of Clostridium bifermentans. Reliable estimates of concentrations down to 0.5 μg/ml could be obtained. Dichloromethane extraction of tinidazole added to various tissues in known amounts gave a recovery of 100 ± 10%. Peak serum values of 32–52 μg/ml were reached 3–6 h after the administration. The concentrations in peritoneal fluid, obtained at operation 8.5–15 h after the intake, varied between 16 and 40 μg/ml. Specimens from the Fallopian tubes yielded 15–26 μg tinidazole/g tissue; similar levels were obtained in specimens from myometrium, endometrium, portio, vaginal secretions, omental fat, and cutis. It is concluded that, with the given dose, tinidazole concentrations are achieved in fluids and tissues of the female genital tract that are far in excess of those that should be therapeutical in infections caused by microorganisms known to respond to nitroimidazo

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221990

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Techniques for the microbiological assay of nitrofurans are described. In one the indicator strain is Bacteroides fragilis; use of this system enables concentrations of nifuratel and furazolidone of down to 0.7 µg/ml to be estimated. The other system uses a recombination-deficient (recA-uvrA-) mutant of Escherichia coli; with this indicator, concentrations of 0.2 µg/ml, or less, of five nitrofurans can be assaye

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221991

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

5-Fluorocytosine (5-FC) has a rapid inhibitory effect on the synthesis of RNA and DNA in the yeast and hyphal form of Candida albicans. 5-FC has a less marked effect on the RNA and DNA content of sensitive strains of Cryptococcus neoformans and has no effect on the nucleic acid content of Aspergillus fumigatus nor of resistant strains of C. albicans and C. neoformans. 5-FC has a slower inhibitory effect on yeast cell number increase and no effect on hyphal length of hyphal phase C. albicans over a 7-h incubation period. Rapidly growing yeasts of C. albicans and C. neoformans decrease in volume and in dry weight per cell. 5-FC prevents this decrease in sensitive strains. These results have been discussed with respect to the known metabolic pathway of 5-FC, the fungistat-ic and fungicidal action of 5-FC and the development of resistance to 5-FC.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221992

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Using the membrane filtration method bactericidal activity of amikacin and gentamicin as a function of time and concentrations was determined. Amikacin was bactericidal against all Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 7) and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains (n = 8) tested. In 5 of the 7 P. aeruginosa and 3 of the 8 K. pneumoniae strains we saw a secondary regrowth at 24 h. There was no difference between amikacin and gentamicin. The experiments to determine the effect of concentration on bactericidal activity showed that higher concentrations lead to a faster kill rate.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221993

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Sodium stibogluconate, metronidazole and dehydroemetine Roche were tested for their in vitro action on the mobility, morphology and survival of promastigotes of Leishmania donovani. At low concentrations, sodium stibogluconate, the drug of choice for kala azar treatment in Iraq proved to be poorly effective in the prevention of promastigotes growth in vitro. On the other hand, both metronidazole and dehydroemetine Roche at low concentrations were highly effective in the prevention of promastigotes of L. donovani growth in vitro. 3.51 ×102, 9.34 and 3.13 mmol of sodium stibogluconate, metronidazole and dehydroemetine, respectively, were required to show the same effect in vitro.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221994

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Methisazone, given subcutaneously to mice of BALB(c)W and Swiss strains in protective doses against lethal infection of vaccinia virus, showed immunosuppressive effects on humoral and cellular responses.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221995

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In a controlled clinical trial based on 30 geriatric patients with recurrent urinary tract infection, 12 out of 17 patients fulfilled a 12-month treatment with sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (Bactrim®) with continuous sterile urine compared to 1 out of 13 patients treated with nitrofurantoin (p < 0.05). There was a slight but statistically significant increase in serum creatinine during treatment for 12 months in the sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim group, but this probably does not reflect any deterioration in kidney function. The remaining laboratory values showed no significant changes whatsoever

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221996

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221997

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger