摘要:

Pharmacokinetic parameters of streptomycin such as plasma concentration, plasma half-life, urinary excretion, and in vitro and in vivo binding to plasma proteins were studied in undernourished and well-nourished individuals. None of the parameters studied were different in undernourished subjects as compared to those in well-nourished, in spite of significant differences in mean albumin values between the two groups. This may be attributed to unaltered protein binding of the drug in undernourished subjects in spite of low serum albumin levels, since streptomycin binds to globulins, in addition to albumin.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237803

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A new type of hydrolyzable ester of penicillin G, benzamidomethyl-benzylpenicillinate (FI 7303), was studied for the antibacterial activity and kinetics of absorption in comparison with DBED-penicillin G. FI 7303 resulted to be a good repository form of penicillin G, slowly eliminated in mouse, dog and man. It exerted a remarkable therapeutic activity in mice infected with Staphylococcus aureus even when administered 26 h before infection. The protective effect in mice was more prolonged than that of DBED-penicillin G, in agreement with the longer persistence of significant blood levels.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237804

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The in vitro activity of carbenicillin, ticarcillin, sisomicin and netilmicin alone and in combination against 35 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated. Ticarcillin was more active than carbenicillin and sisomicin was more active than netilmicin. There was enhanced killing of many strains of P. aeruginosa by the combination of carbenicillin or ticarcillin with sisomicin or netilmicin.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237805

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

9 purine or pyrimidine analogues or other inhibitors of DNA synthesis were studied on their single and combined inhibitory effect on the multiplication of adenovirus 9–15 in HeLa cell cultures. The criterium of inhibition was the total suppression of the formation of infectious virus. Inhibiting concentrations were derived from isobolograms. 34 of 36 drug pairs acted in a synergistic manner, one pair showed additive and one no interactio

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237806

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Cefuroxime, a new cephalosporin antibiotic, was inhibitory at low concentrations to several types of gram-negative bacteria. It was considerably more stable than cephaloridine or cephalothin to the β-lactamases produced by Escherichia coli (RP1), Klebsiella aerogenes K1 and Enterobacter cloacae P99. Concentrations of cefuroxime much greater than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were usually necessary to induce lysis of β-lactamase and non-β-lactamase producers. In contrast, cephaloridine, cephalothin and ampicillin were rapidly bacteriolytic at, or near, the respective MIC against non-β-lactamase producers, whereas the activity of these three antibiotics was considerably reduced against β-lactamase-producing str

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237807

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Minimal inhibitory concentrations of 17 antibacterial agents for 34 Moraxella strains were determined using a plate dilution method. A strain of Moraxella nonliquefaciens was found which produced β-lactamase and was resistant to ampicillin and carbenicillin but not to cephalothin. Several strains were relatively resistant to erythromycin and sulfisoxazole. Disk sensitivity tests could be used to reliably predict penicillin and erythromycin resistance but not sulfisoxazole resistance

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237808

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In vitro susceptibilities of 78 isolates of pathogenic filamentous fungi to the imidazole compounds R34,000 and miconazole and to amphotericin B were determined using an agar dilution technique. Allescheria boydii, Sporothrix schenckii and the dematiaceous fungi (Cladosporium, Fonsecaea and Phialophora spp.) were most susceptible to miconazole with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from ≤ 0.25 to 32 µg/ml and with geometric mean MIC (G-MIC) values of 0.56–1.24 µg/ml. Isolates of Aspergillus jumigatus were more susceptible to amphotericin B and miconazole than to R34,000 with G-MIC values of 1.20 and 3.48 µg/ml, respectively. Coccidioides immitis, Histoplasma capsulatum and Blastomyces dermatitidis were highly susceptible to all three drugs (G-MICs < 1 µg/ml); R34,000 was the most active of the three compounds against C. immitis (G-MIC = 0.44 µ<

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237809

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The interaction between procarbazine and γ-radiation on animal survival and on cell proliferation in the jejunum of the mouse was investigated. Procarbazine (501 mg/kg) injected intraperitoneally enhanced the effect of the gastrointestinal radiation syndrome in whole-body lethality studies by reducing the 7-day LD50 by 269 rads. Similar lethality responses were noted whether the drug was administered immediately before or after irradiation. In a series of temporal response studies, 501 mg/kg procarbazine injected intraperitoneally affected intestinal crypt cell proliferative activity in a manner similar to the effect of 1,000 rads of γ-radiation, by an increase to above-normal proliferative activity. The indices of proliferative activity employed were tritiated thymidine activity per milligram intestine, tritiated thymidine activity per crypt, labeled nuclei per crypt, and mitotic figures per crypt. When procarbazine was injected 15 min prior to irradiation, the crypt cell proliferative activity decreased but never recovered, thus indicating an enhanced response with combined treatmen

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237810

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Therapeutic effectiveness of 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), amphotericin B (Am B) and both in combined administration were retrospectively assessed and compared with one another in 28 patients with cryptococcal meningitis. Combined administration was significantly superior to Am B alone and to 5-FC alone, and these agents were suggested to afford a synergetic effect in combined administration. Adverse reactions associated with combined administration did not essentially differ from those with Am B or 5-FC alone. Combined administration was able to decrease the incidence and severity of adverse reactions by employing lower doses of Am B, and this combined administration reduced the duration of treatment. An appropriate dose for each agent in combined administration was deemed to be about 0.350 mg/kg/day Am B i. v. and 150 mg/kg/day 5-FC p. o. based on the results of this study.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237811

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237812

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger