摘要:

A comparative study was made of the penetration of fosfomycin, penicillin G, ampicillin and chloramphenicol into the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningitis treated with combinations of fosfomycin and one of the other three antibiotics. Minimal inhibitory concentrations and in vitro interaction of these antibiotics against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis strains were determined. 90–96.5% of these strains were sensitive to penicillin G, 95–96.5% to ampicillin, 85–100% to chloramphenicol and 90–100% to fosfomycin. Fosfomycin shows a more marked synergism with penicillin G or ampicillin than with chloramphenicol against both bacterial species. The percentages of penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid were: chloramphenicol, 32%; fosfomycin, 25.7%; ampicillin, 15.9%, and penicillin G, 7.9%. The clinical results show that the combination of fosfomycin + penicillin G or fosfomycin + ampicillin can be an alternative in the treatment of meningitis produced by moderately susceptible strains of S. pneumoniae and N. meningitidis to penicillin G and amp

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238009

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A patient undergoing continuous peritoneal dialysis because of renal failure was treated with metronidazole intravenously. A dose of 500 mg every 12 h was sufficient to maintain the therapeutic level. No accumulation took place.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238010

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Five cephalosporins including 3 newer agents were tested along with several aminoglycosides, penicillins and other antimicrobials against 887 recent clinical bacterial isolates. Of the newer cephalosporins, cefotaxime appeared to be the most effective against gram-negative bacilli. However, with gram-positive cocci, cephalothin seemed to be the most effective cephalosporin. Superior antipseudomonal activity still resides with the aminoglycosides although moxalactam and cefotaxime appeared to offer some alternatives.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238011

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A strain of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from a case of early onset, generalized, fatal, perinatal listeriosis in a premature infant was found to be tolerant for ampicillin and resistant against cefotaxime. A laboratory control strain of L. monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus control strain ATCC 25923 proved tolerant for both β-lactam antibiotics, respectively. The combinations of ampicillin with gentamicin and cefotaxime with gentamicin resulted in additive bactericidal activity against both strains of L. monocytogenes. Based on these findings and those of the literature, it is suggested that cases of systemic listeriosis be treated with a combination of a β-lactam antibiotic, preferably ampicillin, with an appropriate aminoglycoside, such as gentamici

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238012

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from an infected hydrocephalus shunt with associated ventriculitis in a 3-month-old infant proved variably tolerant for the β-lactam antibiotics ampicillin, cephalothin, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, oxacillin, penicillin G, as well as vancomycin and fosfomycin. In contrast, Staphylococcus aureus control strain ATCC 25923 was regularly tolerant to the above stated β-lactam antibiotics; however, this latter strain displayed variable tolerance for vancomycin and fosfomycin. The β-lactam tolerance of both strains proved inoculum-dependent in that tolerant variants were detected in decreasing numbers with diminishing inoculum sizes. Penicillin G-tolerant variants were detected more readily among cells of the S. epidermidis strain in the stationary than in the logarithmic growth phase; in contrast, the yield of penicillin G-tolerant variants from S. aureus ATCC 25923 was independent of the growth phase. Tolerant variants of both staphylococcal strains failed to survive more than three successive passages in Mueller-Hinton broth with added β-lactam antibiotics at concentrations identical to those which had originally served to select these tolerant variants. Gentamicin combined with vancomycin displayed additive bactericidal activity against both staphylococcal strains; conversely, the combination of rifampin plus vancomycin showed inadequate bactericidal activity against both stra

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238013

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Infective aortic valve endocarditis (IE) was induced in 40 rabbits with a penicillin (PNC)-tolerant, gentamicin (GM)-resistant strain of Lactobacillus plantarum; this isolate was synergistically killed in vitro by PNC + GM. The in vivo relevance of the in vitro observations was examined by determining the rates of eradication of endocardial L. plantarum by PNC versus PNC + GM. Mean vegetation L. plantarum titers were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in PNC + GM treated rabbits versus both PNC-treated and control rabbits by 48 h of therapy. Also, PNC + GM more rapidly sterilized vegetations as compared to controls (p < 0.025) and PNC-treated rabbits (p < 0.05). Thus, in vivo antibiotic efficacy paralleled in vitro bactericidal studies, and may partially explain the relatively refractory nature of lactobacillary IE in humans treated with single β-lactam antibiotics

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238014

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Studies are presented on the in vitro phagocytic activity of rat and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes exposed in vivo to therapeutic concentrations of doxycycline. A 32P-labelled strain of Escherichia coli served as test microbe. No significant reduction of ingestion was observed although untreated AB leukocytes tested together with serum containing doxycycline showed a nonsignificant reduction in ingestive capability (p = 0.1). A similar pattern was observed when rat polymorphonuclear cells were tested omitting serum during the ingestion phase. In the presence of serum no effects were observed. During the elimination phase (3 h) both rat and human PMN eliminated breakdown products more extensively than controls, the effect observed on human PMN being most pronounced by the use of serum containing doxycycline.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238015

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Cefuroxime and ampicillin were compared in a randomized double-blind trial in the treatment of severe lower respiratory tract infections. 750 mg of cefuroxime were given to 57 patients and 500 mg of ampicillin to 54 patients by intramuscular injection three times daily for 7–10 days. The patients had acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis with or without pneumonia, a few had bronchiectasis and an underlying bronchial carcinoma was present in nearly a quarter. By the end of treatment the sputum, initially always mucopurulent, had become mucoid in 87.7% of patients receiving cefuroxime in comparison to 48.1% of those receiving ampicillin. A satisfactory clinical response was observed in 94.7 and 68.5%, respectively. Both these differences between cefuroxime and ampicillin are statistically significant (p < 0.001

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238016

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A double-blind controlled trial has been carried out to compare a widely used antibiotic association (bacitracin + neomycin) with a preparation of Streptococcus faecium in the treatment of acute enteritis in adults. The elimination of diarrhea and related clinical disturbances was significantly more rapid and complete in the S. faecium treated group with an earlier normalization of stool cultures, indicating that S. faecium is useful in the treatment of acute enteritis.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238017

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238018

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger