摘要:

Pharmacokinetics of cefadroxil, a new orally semisynthetic cephalosporin, was studied in 5 subjects with normal renal function and in 20 patients with varying degrees of renal insufficiency. All subjects received 1,000 mg per os in a single dose and the elimination phase was studied. In healthy subjects, elimination half-life (T½) was 1.39 ± 0.06 h. Apparent volume of distribution was 0.305 liters/kg and area under the serum concentration versus time curve AUC was 82.94 ± 19.98 μg h/ml. Peak level averaged 25.72 ± 4.68 μg . ml-1 and occured at 1.20 ± 0.45 h postingestion. 93.0 ± 3.6% of the dose was recovered in urine during the first 24 h. Renal and serum clearance averaged 166.7 and 172.4 ml min-1/1.73 m2, respectively. In patients with renal insufficiency, T½ increased to 25.49 h in severe chronic renal failure. Renal impairment did not significantly modify volume of distribution. During a 6- to 8-hour hemodialysis session, antibiotic serum concentrations decreased by 75.4 ± 5.6%. Dosage schedules could be suggested on the basis of these pharmacokineti

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237839

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Several clinical isolates and O-antigen reference strains of Serratia marcescens were shown to yield spontaneously phenotypic variants with nonspecific, combined resistance or decreased susceptibility for chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, sulfonamides, and trimethoprim, including cotrimoxazole. Additional presumptive evidence indicated that this resistance phenomenon is not mediated extrachromosomally, but rather chromosomally. The nature of this novel resistance mechanism remains to be elucidated.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237840

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

10 of 11 clinical isolates of Serratia marcescens yielded small numbers (10-7 to 10-8) of ‘gray’ colony-type variants after selection with either amikacin, gentamicin or kanamycin, of which most proved resistant against all of the following aminoglycoside antibiotics: amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, netilmicin, sisomicin and streptomycin. The level of resistance was not absolute, but rather low-level to intermediate. All except two of these ‘gray’, resistant phenotypic variants yielded ‘opaque’ revertants which were essentially indistinguishable from the parent (wild type) strains in terms of colonial morphology and antibiotic susceptibility. The ‘gray’ variants kinetically were more susceptible to the bactericidal activity of fresh human serum than the ‘opaque’ variants. Preliminary evidence afforded the tentative conclusion that this nonspecific aminoglycoside-resistance mechanism was n

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237841

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

28 patients suffering from a variety of bacterial infections have been treated with cefuroxime. 18 were cured and 6 improved during treatment. Side effects were minimal and intramuscular injection was well tolerated. Serum and urine levels well in excess of the MICs of sensitive organisms were obtained using dosages of 750 mg 8 hourly. Biliary excretion was impaired in the presence of obstruction, but adequate bile levels of cefuroxime were observed following relief of the obstruction. Cefuroxime was widely active against gram-negative bacilli and against Streptococcus faecalis, but less active against Bacteroides spp.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237842

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Comparative studies on the blood schizontocidal activity of antibiotics against Plasmodium gallinaceum infection of chicks have shown that doxycycline, minocycline, demeclocycline, tetracycline and oxytetracycline possess high antimalarial activity as judged by suppression of parasitaemia and extension of survival period. Of these, demeclocycline, tetracycline and oxytetracycline were effective only at high dose level. Chloramphenicol, erythromycin and gentamicin were relatively inactive. Treatment in 5- to 6-day-old established infection of chicks has shown that doxycycline and minocycline are relatively more effective than oxytetracycline and tetracycline in controlling acute infection.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237843

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In group practice, screening for bacteriuria and antibacterial susceptibility testing of bacteria in urine specimens were performed by dipslide methods (Uricult® and Sensicult®, Orion Diagnostica) and the results were evaluated with respect to conventional cultivation of urine specimens and standardized susceptibility testing by the disc diffusion method at a bacteriological laboratory. Bacteriuria diagnosis by screening by the Uricult method seemed to be satisfactorily performed except for some streptococcal strains. In the case of direct susceptibility testing by the Sensicult dipslide method, however, the results obtained by personnel at the surgeries and by trained bacteriologists displayed unacceptable disparities, despite the fact that a continuously running training programme was establishe

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237844

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

30 patients were treated with i.v. cefoxitin (4–8 g/day), of which 20 had documented infections which included endocarditis (5), lung abscess (4), empyema (4), liver and subhepatic abscess (3), osteomyelitis (3), and pancreatic abscess (1). 14 patients had infections caused by anaerobic bacteria and 5 had endocarditis due to aerobic organisms. All but 2 patients with osteomyelitis of the mandible were cured. Adverse reactions were noted in 7 patients, mostly due to drug fever and leukocytosis; one had Coombs’-positive hemolytic anemia. The average serum cefoxitin levels were 24, 16, 12, and 4 μg/ml at 1, 2, 3 and 4 h, respectively, and the average serum/pleural fluid ratio was 1:0.5 ± 0.25. All anaerobic and aerobic isolates except one strain of Bacteroides fragilis were susceptible to cefoxitin at < 32 μg/ml. The concentration of cefoxitin in the tissues was measured in 8 rabbits; it was 4 ± 1 μg/ml in the heart and 2 ± 0.5 μg/ml in the femur and mandibular tissue, suggesting that the lack of response in cases of osteomyelitis could be due to inadequate antibiotic concentration in the bone. Our study suggests that cefoxitin can be used in the treatment of anaerobic infections and endocarditis due to susceptible organisms.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237845

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The cervical and high vaginal flora of 76 patients with cervicitis were studied before and after therapy with Ornidazol by quantitative culture methods. Lactobacilli were the predominant organisms, but Peptostreptococci, Bacteroides and Trichomonas were encountered in 17, respectively 32 and 81% of all specimens. During and after therapy Trichomonas disappeared completely, the bacterial flora normalized and became comparable to that of healthy women with incidences for Bacteroides of 8–13% and Peptostreptococci of 4–5%. The in vitro susceptibility (MIC and MBC) of 50 strains of Bacteroides to Ornidazol was determined by a broth dilution method and an agar plate technique. The MIC varied from 0.07 to 10 μg/ml. All strains were susceptible to 10 μg/ml. There was a slight variation in resistance between the various species tested. B.fragilis was less susceptible to Ornidazol than other Bacteroides species. Within the species B. fragilis the subspecies thetaiotaomicron and ‘other’ were most susceptible, spp. fragilis and spp. distaso

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237846

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger