摘要:

The concentrations of doxycycline in serum and in thoracic duct lymph at various times after oral and intravenous administration of 200 mg of the drug were determined in 10 patients subjected to thoracic duct cannulation for diagnostic purposes. After oral administration, a mean peak serum concentration of 2.4 μg/ml (n = 7) was obtained within 3 h; then the levels successively declined. The concentrations in thoracic lymph were lower, a mean peak concentration of 1.6 μg/ml being found 3 and 6 h after the intake. After intravenous administration (n = 3), the concentrations of doxycycline in thoracic duct lymph were lower than but closely followed those in serum. The difference in concentrations between serum and lymph 1–6 h after the start of the infusion never exceeded 30%. The results suggest that doxycycline is rapidly distributed to the extracellular tissue flu

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221935

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The in vitro and in vivo activity of the 5 injectable cephalosporins, cefazolin, cephaloridine, cephalothin, cephapirin, cephacetrile, and ampicillin was compared. No gram-positive organisms resistant to any of the cephalosporin derivatives were encountered. The MIC of ampicillin for gram-positive organisms was distributed over a wide range. The antibacterial activity of cefazolin, cephaloridine and ampicillin was high against gram-negative organisms. Ampicillin was potently effective especially against P. mirabilis and cefazolin especially against K. pneumoniae. The protecting effect of the 5 cephalosporins on experimental infections in mice was compared. The effect of cefazolin and cephaloridine was more marked than that of the others. These results may be explained by the fact that the other 3 cephalosporins are rapidly metabolized in the living body.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221936

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A multiple drug-resistant strain of Serratia marcescens (bacteriocin type 18) was isolated from three clinical patients. The isolates were found to carry a conjugally nontransferable, nonmobilizeable resistance plasmid (R-plasmid) with resistance-(r-)determinants against ten antimicrobial drugs: ampicillin, carbenicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, tobramycin, triple sulfonamides, cotrimoxazole, and – possibly – nalidixic acid, as determined with exposure to ‘curing’agents (ethidium bromide, acridine orange, and sodium dodecyl sulfate) and by the high rate of spontaneous loss of r-determinants. Dye-buoyant density centrifugation allowed recovery of R-plasmid DNA that measured roughly 24 μm in contour length; after ‘curing’ with concomitant loss of 9 r-determinants, the contour length of the R-plasmid DNA of one isolate (No. SE 154) had decreased to roughly 15 μm, and none was detected in the sole variant of the isolate that spontaneously had lost 11 r

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221937

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The disc sensitivity and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of cefazolin and cephalothin were compared against a series of Escherichia coli isolates. These data were correlated with the mouse protective doses of the 2 cephalosporins in animals infected with E. coli strains selected according to their various degrees of in vitro sensitivity to the 2 cephalosporins. The overwhelming majority of E. coli strains showed a significantly higher degree of susceptibility and lower MIC values for cefazolin than for cephalothin. There has been found a good correlation between the inhibition zones and especially the MIC values and the ED50 results for both cephalosporins. Using E. coli clinical isolates, cefazolin was found to be superior to cephalothin not only in vitro experiments but also more potent in protecting the experimentally infected mice.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221938

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Susceptibility of 983 isolates of Staphyloccus aureus to tetracycline, doxycycline and minocycline was determined in vitro. Minocycline was shown to be more active than doxcycline, which in turn was shown to be slightly more active than tetracycline. 77% of the isolates which were resistant to tetracycline were also resistant to doxycycline, whereas only 4% of the tetracycline-resistant isolates were resistant to minocycline. The in vivo use of tetracycline correlated with increased in vitro resistance of S. aureus to tetracycline and doxycycline. A correlation between use of tetracycline and in vitro resistance to minocycline was not demonstrated.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221939

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Furazolidone was more active than 3-(1-methyl)-5-nitro-2-imidazolyl-methylideneamino)-2-oxazolidinone (MABN) against a series of 34 isolates of Pasteurella and 11 of Yersinia (formerly designated Pasteurella). However, the nitroimidazole was superior to furazolidone by both subcutaneous and oral routes against a series of mouse infections incited by strains of Pasteurella. It also was superior to furazolidone and sulfaquinoxaline when administered in the diet against two Pasteurella strains in a fowl cholera model infection in chickens. The good in vitro activity of MABN plus its low toxicity suggest its further study as an agent for fowl cholera and the shipping fever complex of cattle.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221940

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

19 patients with chronic urinary tract infections were treated, after culture and sensitivity testing, with cephalexin (Ceporexine) 1 g twice daily for 10 days. All patients were free from bacteria after 2 days treatment and 18 after the treatment was finished. After 30 days, 7 had a recurrence of the urinary tract infection. The result shows that cephalexin given twice a day in the dosage of 1 g has as good an effect in the treatment of urinary tract infections as when the dosage is given 4 times a day.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221941

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Pivmecillinam (FL 1039) is the pivaloyloxymethyl ester of mecillinam (FL 1060) which has considerable in vitro activity against Enterobacteriaceae. 38 hospital inpatients who had proven urinary tract infections were treated with 400 mg pivmecillinam four times daily for 5–7 days. The MIC of mecillinam to the infecting organisms was determined as were the serum and urinary concentrations of the antibiotic. The patients were followed up for 4–6 weeks after the end of treatment. Three patients were lost to follow-up. Of the 35 patients who were adequately followed up, 29 (83%) were classified as cured and there were 6 failures. Reported side effects were of a minor nat

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221942

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221943

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger