摘要:

SummaryThe primary mechanism(s) of addictions, have not been uncovered. In theory, the pathway of heme synthesis may be worth exploring for these mechanisms.

ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1978.tb00121.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryTo study cumulative effects of marijuana on basal measures of heart rate and skin conductance (SC) and phasic SC, 24 human males were randomly assigned to three groups of ft subjects each. Subjects lived on an experimental ward for 36 days. For the first 4 and the lost 4 days, no marijuana was administered. During the intervening 28 days, subjects smoked one marijuana cigarette daily which weighed approximately 0.5 grams. Dosage of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), depending on group membership, was either placebo, 1% THC or 2% THC.Each subject was seen for psychophysiological testing during one initial baseline day, four intoxication days, and two post‐intoxication days. Testing was done at a time when acute marijuana effects were minimal, and consisted of presenting a 67 Db tone orienting sequence under both nonsignal and signal conditions.Basically, the results indicated no detectable differences among the groups, due to the chronic administration of marijuana, on either of the physiological systems measured. The results were related to the effects of acute marijuana intoxication and Sokolov's theory of the orienting respons

ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1978.tb00122.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1978.tb00123.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySimple measurements of nutritional status, using portable instruments showed that in general, addicts did remain within fairly satifactory nutritional limits. Those preferring heroin were significantly older and heavier than those who preferred methadone by self‐injectio

ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1978.tb00124.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn order to test the clinical utility of McClelland's (1972) power‐conflict notions in compulsive drug use and Teasdale's (1972) empirical findings that British heroin users characteristically evidence higher ‘power’ orientations in interpersonal interaction than nonheroin drug users, Leary's (1957) measures of ‘dominance’ and eight interpersonal orientation types were compared among three groups of white, male, American veterans voluntarily seeking treatment for drug use problems (heroin, N = 63; amphetamines, N = 45; and barbiturates, N = 34). Drug users scored significantly higher in dominance than normative samples; heroin users scored significantly higher in dominance than either amphetamine‐ or barbiturate‐users. Qualified support was given McClelland's power‐conflict model; Modifications are indicated that take into account differences in measurement perspective (public behavior vs. underlying character structure) as well as differences in interpersonal orientation types both within and between groups of drug users classified by

ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1978.tb00125.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA group of first admission alcoholics and drug dependent Kuwaitis, subjects who attended Kuwait Psychiatric Hospital as in patients during 1961–1962 and 1971–1972 were examined. These were compared for prevalence, age, sex and social class.The number of alcoholics and drug dependents in the first group was 33 comprising 0.7% of the total number of patients, while those admitted during 1971–1972 formed 0.8%. No female patients were observed in the sample.The mean age of patients suffering from alcoholism or drug dependence in 1971–1972 was significantly higher than that of those examined in 1961–1962.Most patients in both groups came from occupational classes IV and VI.While the majority of the 1961–1962 group abused alcohol per se, a number of patients in the second group (1971–1972) were found to be addicted to alien beverages such as Vanilla Extract, Eau de Cologne, After Shave Lotion etc. Others used hypnotics per se or in combination with alcohol to ‘save alcohol’. These last observations could be directly attribut

ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1978.tb00126.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBased on the official records available at the Provincial Health Department, this paper attempts to summarize the existing evidence on the extent of officially authorized opium use in Fars Province. The main findings are as follows:1Over 52% of the 11,545 registered opium addicts in Pars Province are under sixty years.2More than two thirds of the addicts are residents of Shiraz County.3The eleven counties of Pars Province vary widely in terms of the ratio of registered addicts per 1000 of population. The highest ratios were found in the counties of Neyriz (8.9per 1000) and Shiraz (8.7 per 1000). The lowest ratio (1 per 1000) belonged to the counties of Kazeroon and Mammasani.4Of the 4560 cases of registered addicts with relatively complete files in Shiraz city, only 12.7% were female, and 58 % were below age 60. Thus the majority of registered opium users in Shiraz city have been authorized to continue their drug dependence on bona fide medical grounds. Although the list of authorizing physicians embraces a wide range of specialities, the large majority of addicts have been authorized by general practitioners. Most of the latter are somehow associated with the opium registration administration and have used a large variety of medical labels for justifying opium use by addicts.The implications of these findings for the drug control policy of the county are discussed.

ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1978.tb00127.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOne of the most frequent community level responses to the treatment of the drug abuse problem is the ‘rap’ house. Some 68 staff volunteers from one such program were interviewed to determine what impact the program had on them, and what impact resulted from their work. The ‘rap’ house has both helpful and possibly harmful effects in a co

ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1978.tb00128.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe paper analyses the contemporary rumour and hysteria which overlay much discussion of working‐class opiate consumption. General middle‐class fears arising from social dislocation, the reaction to the temperance movement, the sensational presentation of opium eating by the Romantics, the Indo‐Chinese trade and the agitation against it; and the professional aspirations of pharmacists, all contributed to the irrationality with which much evidence was ass

ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1978.tb00129.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY