ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1975.tb00015.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe author discusses the biochemical basis of physical and psychological dependence on ethanol, with particular reference to the role of acetaldehyde, monoamines and amino acids. Preliminary results are presented in which the factors of environment, heredity, sex, age and diet are shown to affect susceptibility of mice to ethanol dependence, and an attempt is made to relate the influence of these factors to the biochemical basis of dependence.

ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1975.tb00016.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWidely used control measures such as the monopoly system and restrictions on the number and type of alcoholic beverage outlets, and on hours of sale appear to be muck less powerful determinants of regional and temporal variation in the prevalence of alcoholism than taxation policy. It is found that where or when Ike price of beverage alcohol relative to average disposable (real) income in high, indices of alcohol consumption and alcoholism are usually low, and vice versa. Differential taxation (involving a disproportionately high tax on spirituous liquors) appears to be effective temporarily, but to result ultimately in the substitution of another beverage source with an increase in consumption and alcohol problems. This is consistent with other evidence which indicates that the overall level of alcohol consumption in a population, regardless of beverage source, determines the prevalence of hazardous consumers and of alcohol–related organic pathologies. The nature of a taxation policy which might be expected to prevent increases, and perhaps achieve a reduction in prevalence is outlined. However, an appropriate program of public education would probably be required in most jurisdictions to render the implementation of the policy fully effective and politically feasibl

ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1975.tb00017.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPatterns of use of alcohol, cannabis and tobacco have been investigated in 300 undergraduate students attending a provincial university. The likelihood of students trying cannabis was highest if they smoked tobacco, intermediate if they had given up smoking tobacco, and lowest if they had never smoked. Also there was a positive correlation between the number of drinks consumed per week and the tendency to try cannabis. The observed correlations indicate that students who consumed socially acceptable drugs were more likely to try other, less acceptable drugs.

ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1975.tb00018.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe general distribution of alcohol consumption and its responsiveness to price variations relative to disposable income suggest that there is no qualitative distinction between alcoholics and other heavy drinkers. The disease concept of alcoholism and the notion of loss of control, on the other hand, imply such a distinction. A reinterpretation of loss of control is offered which assumes that loss of control exists but does not distinguish between pathological and non‐pathological drinkers. The notion of control and some speculations about factors affecting the frequency and success of controls are discusse

ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1975.tb00019.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA group of 60 members of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) were examined by an individually administered questionnaire to look for factors positively correlated with the occurrence of Delirium Tremens (DTs). The main factors found to be positively correlated with DTs were (i) more serious social consequences of alcoholism; (ii) lower social class. There was no relationship to (i) duration of drinking (ii) type of drink consumed. The possible significance of these findings with reference to aetiology is discussed.

ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1975.tb00020.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA gas chromotographic method is described for the determination of ethanol in body fluids, body tissues or air. A standard propanol solution used as final diluent in all determinations improves the accuracy by internal standardization.

ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1975.tb00021.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSome theoretical explanations of aversive conditioning posit specific emotional states or “cognitive mediators” to account for behavior suppression. Although “anxiety” is widely recognised as much a cognitive mediator, few studies have attempted to obtain measures of “state anxiety” or of alternative competing hypotheses to test the model. This study probed the effects of two aversive conditioning paradigms on subjective response to both alcohol‐related and non‐alcohol related stimuli to test the anxiety model against other competing alternatives. A strong social desirability response bias obscured measurement on three outcome dimensions; adjective ratings of (1) General Evaluation, (2) Dangerousness, and (3) Appetitiveness. Both paradigms (i.e. Punishment and Mixed) appeared capable of producing increased “Aversiveness” for alcohol‐related stimuli; “Mixed” paradigm in which CS‐UCS contingencies were unpredictable was capable of increasing state anxiety displayed toward both test stimuli. Due to differential subject attrition, a quasi‐experimental design was imposed which complicated application of statistical tests. A point prevalence follow‐up at 90 days suggested that the experimental groups were slightly more successful at avoiding alcohol. An observation wax made about a personality dynamic of alcoholics which is thought to engender psychological reactance toward treatment interventions which do not allow o

ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1975.tb00022.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryOne hundred and forty‐seven consecutive admissions to mental hospitals in the South and West of Ireland, 194 random admissions to mental hospitals in New York and 174 random admissions to mental hospitals in London were examined within three days of admission using reliable semistructured, standardized clinicae instruments and diagnosed according to the criteria of the British Glossary. It was found that the diagnosis of alcoholic disorder was made significantly more frequently on the Irish than on the London admissions and that the Irish admissions, diagnosed alcoholic, had significant more mental symptoms than alcoholic admissions to New York mental hospitals. These findings are discussed in the light of the recent marked increase in first admission rates for alcoholism in Irelan

ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1975.tb00023.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIngredients of an alcoholism halfway house rehabilitation programme which were thought a priori to be “therapeutic” were generally considered relatively unimportant by halfway house residents but having a “no drink rule” at the house was perceived as being the most important ingredient. A factor analysis suggested three interpretable dimensions of perceived importance to residents. The first two appeared to reflect relative degrees of interest, firstly, in verbal therapy, and secondly, in the opportunity for social recovery. It is argued that these two dimensions reflect rather different conceptions of a halfway house and that halfway house provision in the alcoholism field should allow for both conceptions and should not at this stage be based exclusively upon one or other of them. The third factor contrasted an interest in “getting by alone” and an interest in exposure to Alcoholics Anonymous and other sources of information on alcoholism. Residents whose alcoholism was relatively chronic tended towards the latte

ISSN:0007-0890    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1975.tb00024.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY