摘要:

AbstractSince the early twentieth century it has been common in both psychology and behavioral biology to draw a sharp distinction between learned and innate behavior, or elements of behavior. The persistence of this dichotomy may be attributed in part to the fundamental importance of the separation of inherited and acquired characters within neo‐Darwinian evolutionary theory, one of the essential foundations for the modern study of behavior. A cornerstone of early neo‐Darwinian thought was August Weismann's theory of the germ plasm, which proposed a segregation between germinal and somatic cells during development, thus ruling out the possibility that acquired characters could be inherited. This denial of Lamarckian hereditary mechanisms became one of the hallmarks of neo‐Darwinism, as opposed to classical Darwinism. Within the neo‐Darwinian framework it thus became important, as Weismann himself pointed out, to distinguish sharply between inherited and acquired characters. Although the dichotomy has frequently been criticized it remains tenacious, surfacing in different guises as older versions of it became terminologically unacceptable. The analysis offered here suggests that this tenacity may partly be explained by the implications of Weismann's germ‐plasm theory, and its modern incarnation in the central dogma of molecular genetics, and by the central thematic position of those ideas in the neo‐Darwinian foundations of modern behavio

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(199504)31:2<115::AID-JHBS2300310202>3.0.CO;2-K

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRobert Thompson spent a year as a research assistant at the Yerkes Laboratory of Primate Biology in Orange Park, Florida, where Karl Lashley was the director. After Lashley's death, Thompson began a search for the “locus of the engram,” which Lashley had been unable to find, eventually providing evidence supporting Wilder Penfield's conception of a centrencephalic system. Although Thompson's search was ultimately more successful than Lashley's, his name and accomplishments are little known outside a small circle of neuroscientists. The reasons for this lack of recognition of “Lashley's Heir” are di

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(199504)31:2<129::AID-JHBS2300310203>3.0.CO;2-4

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe British Sexological Society was a largely unknown society composed of influential people of the early twentieth century in Great Britain. The present research is an archival study of the Society and its work concerning homosexuality. Issues addressed by the British Sexological Society are relevant to the early development of sexual emancipation movements as well as to issues of sexuality today.

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(199504)31:2<137::AID-JHBS2300310204>3.0.CO;2-6

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBoldly asserting the existence of an intellectual class, this article details the efforts of one stratum of that class to rise to political power through the creation and development of the Rand School of Social Science in New York. The author argues that the founders of the Rand School used the social sciences—disciplines which they were themselves shaping and popularizing—to promote their political agenda. The school's founders trained an intelligentsia from the working class in the outlook and methods of the social sciences as part of their efforts to redirect the nation's political agenda toward socialism. Finding the social sciences a politically contested terrain, the author offers a history of the founding and administration of the Rand School, describes the pedagogical role of men and women in it, and details the political repression which the school endured as its influence grew. A number of notable intellectuals were associated with the school, among them Franklin H. Giddings, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Morris Hillquit, Algernon Lee, and Scott Nearing. Previously unpublished information regarding the renowned historians Charles and Mary Beard's involvement with the American Socialist Society and the Rand School is of particular inter

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(199504)31:2<149::AID-JHBS2300310205>3.0.CO;2-X

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(199504)31:2<162::AID-JHBS2300310206>3.0.CO;2-C

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(199504)31:2<167::AID-JHBS2300310207>3.0.CO;2-V

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(199504)31:2<169::AID-JHBS2300310208>3.0.CO;2-M

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(199504)31:2<171::AID-JHBS2300310209>3.0.CO;2-5

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(199504)31:2<175::AID-JHBS2300310210>3.0.CO;2-J

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(199504)31:2<180::AID-JHBS2300310211>3.0.CO;2-U

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY