摘要:

AbstractDiffusionism, an ethnological theory particularly dominant in Germany in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, can be shown to have had roots in the politics and major trends of social development of nineteenth‐century Germany as well as in a variety of intellectual tendencies. In particular, it is argued that several important features of diffusionism, especially the concepts ofLebensraum, of “colonization” as a natural process, and of the primacy of agriculture in cultural development, in part developed out of conservative political ideologies and reflected the social origins of the early diffusionists in preindustrial segments of the German middle

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(197804)14:2<103::AID-JHBS2300140202>3.0.CO;2-G

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough it is generally acknowledged that the modern science of psychology was produced in the mid‐nineteenth century by the cross‐fertilization of philosophy and physiology, few historians have tried to specify the exact role of philosophers in the evolution of modern psychology. The purpose of this article is to identify one important line of development from within early‐nineteenth‐century German philosophy toward the conception of psychology as an independent, experimental, and mathematical science. The thesis it proposes is that Immanuel Kant's criticism of the psychological tradition and his articulation of a specific philosophy of science provided the negative and positive foundations upon which Jakob Friedrich Fries, Johann Friedrich Herbart, and Friedrich Eduard Beneke developed the conceptualization of scientific psy

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(197804)14:2<113::AID-JHBS2300140203>3.0.CO;2-C

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(197804)14:2<122::AID-JHBS2300140204>3.0.CO;2-B

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHerbert Blumer's appraisal of William Thomas and Florian Znaniecki'sPolish Peasantstudy and the panel discussion of Blumer's critique, sponsored by the Social Science Research Council in 1938, occasioned a discussion of the value of personal documents in social research which is indicative of the controversy surrounding their use in the interwar period. It is suggested that most sociologists writing in the 1930s were skeptical of the value of personal document research, because such research could not be conducted along the lines of experimental procedure in physical science. Personal document research was in decline by 1938. The critique and conference constituted a post mortem examination of this approach to social analysis.

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(197804)14:2<124::AID-JHBS2300140205>3.0.CO;2-2

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article is based on research in the Külpe archives in Munich, as well as on analysis of his published works. It addresses itself to some of the unresolved questions regarding Külpe's relation to the Würzburg School and seeks to explain this relation in terms of Külpe's changing philosophical views. Külpe's shift in the late 1890s from Machian phenomenalism to realism led to his interest in the psychology of thinking and may be seen as part of the “revolt against positivism” of tha

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(197804)14:2<132::AID-JHBS2300140206>3.0.CO;2-4

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe author recounts his memories of the personalities and activities of the faculty members, the courses, the students, and the intellectual climate in the Department of Psychology at the University of Chicago in the early 1930s. Functionalism at Chicago is described as a non‐self‐conscious eclectic movement, loosely systematic, empirical, and broad in scope. It is suggested that the functional tradition persists, and is manifested in current, widely adopted textbooks, in the structure of the APA, and in the wide range of interests found in present‐day psychology depart

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(197804)14:2<142::AID-JHBS2300140207>3.0.CO;2-0

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMany writers have inaccurately attributed the rise of demonology and the witchhunts to the Middle Ages and have associated the decline of these activities with the Renaissance and the period of the scientific revolution (1500–1700). An examination of medieval Church proclamations indicates that during the early part of the Middle Ages, the Church denied the reality of witchcraft and was relatively tolerant towards alleged or self‐proclaimed witches. More credulous views were developed during the Renaissance, and the height of the witch mania did not occur until the mid‐seventeenth century. This misperception of the data is seen as related to a more general “Whig” myth concerning the historical relationship between science and sup

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(197804)14:2<149::AID-JHBS2300140208>3.0.CO;2-D

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractConventional histories of psychiatry depict the medieval and early modern period as dominated by demonological ideas about mental illness and treatment of the insane as cruel and inhumane. English legal records from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century, generated by the Crown's jurisdiction over the mentally disabled, produce a radically different picture. When royal officials examined allegedly disturbed persons before local juries, they measured mental status with common sense criteria based on psychological and physiological notions of etiology. For established cases of disability, the Crown appointed supervised guardians. In the course of these centuries, the responsibility of guardians for the care and protection of the disabled underwent increasing expansion. The records of this jurisdiction exist largely in manuscript form, a documentary source which psychiatric historians have been slow to appreciate. These records cast doubt on the accuracy of traditional accounts of psychiatric history based on printed sources and on the validity of restricting historical research to published materials.

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(197804)14:2<158::AID-JHBS2300140209>3.0.CO;2-C

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis note presents additional details about the life and career of F. M. Urban. As much of its content is derived from manuscript material in archival collections, it illustrates the value to the historian of such unpublished sources.

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(197804)14:2<170::AID-JHBS2300140210>3.0.CO;2-N

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt is claimed that there is much more interaction between Konrad Lorenz's ethological writings of 1938 to 1943 and Nazi ideology than is implied by Alec Nisbett inKonrad Lorenz: A Biography. This claim is supported by a list of all of Lorenz's papers written during this time, together with excerpts, brief descriptions, and related commentary.

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(197804)14:2<173::AID-JHBS2300140211>3.0.CO;2-B

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY