摘要:

AbstractSocial scientists generally, and political scientists in particular, are nowadays apt to think of power relations as causal ones: to exercise power is to cause someone to do something that he would not otherwise do. This might be unexceptionable enough, except that political scientists then go on to make two rather more questionable moves. The first is to picture causal relations, and hence “power,” in narrowly mechanistic terms; the second is to claim originality for their efforts. My aim in this paper is to counter the second move. This I do by showing that the mechanistic‐causal model of power is three centuries old, being traceable to Hobbes, Locke and Hume. The moral of my tale is that social scientists wishing to disentangle their “models” from philosophers' metaphors, should begin by acquainting themselves with the history of thei

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(197507)11:3<211::AID-JHBS2300110302>3.0.CO;2-U

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPerhaps the most compelling contribution of the late Professor MacLeod has been to define and elucidate for us an approach to the progressive reformulation of the persistent problems of psychology. This approach ispsychological phenomenology.The present paper attempts to systematize this approach to problems in empirical science by stating its assumptions, goals, tasks, problems, data, methods, and “constructs.” An example of doing psychological phenomenology á la MacLeod is presented. This example of descriptive analysis deals with the role ofthe selfin perception, motivation, aesthetic judgment, linguistic communication, and social con

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(197507)11:3<223::AID-JHBS2300110303>3.0.CO;2-K

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUtilizing a model of sociological paradigms which encompasses the cogency of sociological theories, their congruence with their cultural milieu and their reinforcement through institutionalization, this paper examines three interpretations of sociology which competed for recognition in France at the end of the nineteenth century. René Worms created institutions for the new field of new field of sociology, but did not possess a viable sociological theory with which to make these institutions effective in advancing the discipline. Gabriel Tarde possessed a sociological theory and opportunities to institutionalize it, but failed to do so because of a pre‐modern attitude toward science. Only Emile Durkheim was able to successfully institutionalize his conception of sociology through his teaching career and his journal,L'Année sociologi

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(197507)11:3<235::AID-JHBS2300110304>3.0.CO;2-A

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo centuries ago, in 1774, an ordinance concerning the hospitalization of the mentally ill was issued in Tuscany. The main points of this ordinance consisted of: individuals allegedly presenting symptoms of mental illness were to be examined by “public specialists” (i.e., physicians competent in mental disorders); the relatives of these individuals were to be located and their cooperation, including financial, was to be obtained; paupers were to be taken care of at the expense of the community; in any case, these individuals were to be admitted and treated in a hospital following certification by the proper authority. This decree–apparently the first of this kind in any country–is discussed by the author in the light of the Italian Enlightenment in Florence and Tuscany, especially typified there by the innovations introduced by the Grand Duke Peter Leopold. Finally, some analogies with the present situation ar

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(197507)11:3<246::AID-JHBS2300110305>3.0.CO;2-3

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe founding of the the Department of Anthropology in the University of California is traced to the influence of several key individuals in the personal and social networks surrounding Phoebe Apperson Hearst. The competition and conflict of interest among those individuals in outlined as part of a larger historical episode in the professionalization of anthropology.

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(197507)11:3<257::AID-JHBS2300110306>3.0.CO;2-X

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe history of psychosomatic medicine divides into two eras. Prior to the seventeenth century, medicine was wholistic because the biological soul underlay pathogenesis. Cartesian dualism made psychosomatic events logically impossible, and led to the establishment of mechanistic physiopathology. Harvey's mechanistic conception of heart‐as‐pump was incompatible with the predualistic designation of heart as seat of the soul. By designatingbloodas seat of the soul, Harvey managed to preserve the psychosomatic approach in his own system of medic

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(197507)11:3<276::AID-JHBS2300110307>3.0.CO;2-V

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(197507)11:3<284::AID-JHBS2300110308>3.0.CO;2-X

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(197507)11:3<287::AID-JHBS2300110309>3.0.CO;2-L

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(197507)11:3<298::AID-JHBS2300110310>3.0.CO;2-6

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(197507)11:3<299::AID-JHBS2300110311>3.0.CO;2-0

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY