摘要:

AbstractAlthough there have been studies of both Dutch colonial policy in the Indies and the development of anthropology in the Netherlands, there has been no systematic examination of the historical relations between them. This paper attempts this for a period of 160 years from the collapse of the Dutch East India Company to the birth of an independent Indonesian state. During this time, the need of successive governments for information on subject peoples was matched by the requirements of scholars for suitable conditions and locations for their work. As Dutch anthropology emerged in the nineteenth century and developed in the twentieth, it was closely related to the prevailing political climate—state capitalism, liberal, and ethical policies. The analysis shows how there is a “fit” between these and certain dominant anthropological styles and interests, principally in the form of empiricism, customary law studies, “Leiden” structuralism, and func

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(197610)12:4<303::AID-JHBS2300120402>3.0.CO;2-D

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFaculty members, graduate students, undergraduate majors, and introductory psychology students checked those names they recognized in the list of 228 deceased psychologists, rated for eminence, provided by Annin, Boring, and Watson. Mean percentage recognition was less than 50% for the 128 American psychologists, and less than 25% for the 100 foreign psychologists, by the faculty subjects. The other three groups of subjects gave even lower recognition scores. Recognition was probably also influenced by recency; median year of death of the American psychologists was 1955, of the foreign psychologists, 1943. High recognition (defined as recognition by 80% or more of the faculty group) was achieved by only 34 psychologists, almost all of them American. These highly recognized psychologists also had high eminence ratings, but there was an equal number of psychologists with high eminence ratings that were poorly recognized.

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(197610)12:4<325::AID-JHBS2300120403>3.0.CO;2-2

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe methodological significance of evolutionary theory for psychology may be distinguished from its substantive or theoretical significance. The methodological significance was that evolutionary theory broadened the current conceptions of scientific method and rendered them relatively independent of physics. It thereby made the application of the “scientific method” to psychology much more feasible than it had been previously, and thus established the possibility of a wide‐ranging scientific psychology for the first time. The methodological eclecticism that made scientific psychology possible did not, however, remain a feature of psychology for very long. Psychology's methodology rapidly became restricted and codified through the influence of, and in imitation of, the rigorously positivistic orientation of physics around the turn of the twentieth ce

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(197610)12:4<330::AID-JHBS2300120404>3.0.CO;2-D

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn 1759 Johann David Michaelis won a prize from the Prussian Royal Academy for his essayBeantwortung der Frage von dem Einfluss der Meinungen in die Sprache, und der sprache in die Meinungen. The essay was published in the following year and translated into French in 1762, into English in 1769, and into Dutch in 1771. The work has two major themes—linguistic relativity and language change—with ancillary discussions of language in general and of homonymy. Its most significant contribution to the theory of language is its discussion of linguistic relativity, especially in its manifestation in the influence of language on thought. Given the intellectual milieu of the work where inquiry was centered on the origin of language and language universals, it stands as one of the few discussions of this topic and it is also one of the most fruitful discussions of linguistic relativity for any period of hist

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(197610)12:4<338::AID-JHBS2300120405>3.0.CO;2-N

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAs early as 1896, experimental psychologists began studying the mental proccesses involved in advertising. The first psychological theory of advertising maintained, in effect, that the consumer was a nonrational, suggestible creature under the hypnotic influence of the advertising copywriter. Walter Dill Scott was the major proponent of this theory, and it was largely through his writings that advertising men learned about the psychology of suggestion. Scott's theory was consistent with a growing trend in the advertising profession toward viewing consumer behavior as irrational. Scott's efforts might also be viewed as part of the trend in the advertising profession toward seeking a scientific basis for copywriting theory and practice.

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(197610)12:4<347::AID-JHBS2300120406>3.0.CO;2-M

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBiopolitics is an emerging subdiscipline within the field of political science. The essay examines historical antecedents and delineates three categories of such works: 1) metaphor, 2) evolutionary/genetic influences on behavior, and 3) public policy implications. A number of problems with these works are noted. Finally, suggestions for the current interest in biopolitics are outlined, based upon the historical analysis.

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(197610)12:4<354::AID-JHBS2300120407>3.0.CO;2-R

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe paper takes issue with the traditional view of Darwin's influence on psychology; namely, that it is he who passed on to psychology the concept of individual adaptation. Three arguments are presented: a) that Darwin, qua scientist, was only interested in species adaptation, an entirely different concept from that of individual adaptation, b) that Darwin's writings on individual adaptation are so unexceptional that it is inconceivable that psychologists should have been influenced by them, and c) that the two concepts are logically incompatible since species adaptation presupposes a stricthereditary determinism, while individual adaptation conceives of the organism either as free and undetermined or else as determined by the environment.

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(197610)12:4<367::AID-JHBS2300120408>3.0.CO;2-E

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBeard's concept of neurasthenia and Freud's concept of the actual neuroses are described and evaluated critically. Despite differences in the content of their theories, especially in the role of sexual factors and sexual mechanisms, there are important formal and logical similarities. Both Beard and Freud incorrectly identified the causes of the neuroses being studied; both used inadequate methods of assessing the strengths of the causal factors; and the central theoretical concepts of both were equally vacuous. Freud adopted the same method of study as did Beard, but does not seem to have been influenced directly by him.

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(197610)12:4<376::AID-JHBS2300120409>3.0.CO;2-D

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(197610)12:4<391::AID-JHBS2300120410>3.0.CO;2-F

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5061    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6696(197610)12:4<395::AID-JHBS2300120411>3.0.CO;2-0

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY