ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Health providers believe that eliminating smoking is an important health promotion goal, but physicians and nurse practitioners may differ in the implementation of that belief. To determine whether nurse practitioners or physicians were more likely to counsel smokers to quit smoking, 12 internal medicine nurse practitioners (100 percent female) and 40 internal medicine physicians (30 percent female) were studied at four San Francisco Bay-area Kaiser Permanente Medical Centers, both before and after training in smoking-cessation counseling. In addition, exit phone surveys of at least 15 smokers per participant were completed as soon as possible following an office visit to the participant (269 nurse practitioner patients; 948 physician patients). It was found that nurse practitioners discussed smoking with patients more often than did, physicians (64 percent vs. 50 percent; p< 0.001), asked patients more often whether they were interested in quitting (49 percent vs. 40 percent; p< 0.01), distributed more smoking-cessation literature to patients (37 percent vs. 25 percent; p< 0.001) and made more follow-up appointments about smoking (36 percent vs. 19 percent;p< 0.001). These differences in counseling behavior between the two groups were not explained by differences in patient characteristics of the two groups. The authors concluded that, given the same training, nurse practitioners are more likely to counsel smokers about quitting than are physicians.

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article is intended to familiarize the ambulatory care provider with possible uses of children's drawings as assessment tools. Drawings can be a useful adjunct in detecting perceptual-motor difficulties and developmental delay, and can provide clues to self-image and family dynamics. Piaget's theory of cognitive development provides a framework to evaluate the child's intellectual development as reflected in drawings. The developmental scales of Koppitz are presented as a practical screening tool. The Koppitz scales include both developmental norms and items that might indicate emotional problems. Observing the child's drawing of the family provides clues to family dynamics. Becoming highly skilled in the evaluation of children's drawings requires a familiarity with neurophysiology, education, psychology, and psychoanalytic and developmental theory, along with intuition and practice. This article presents an introduction to evaluating children's drawings.

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Daily methylxanthine ingestion from drug and dietary sources was studied by means of questionnaires from a sample of 102 women who visited the office of a radiologist for xeromammograms. The mammograms were used to measure the level of fibrocystic breast disease. Fibrocystic breast disease was found to be positively correlated with both caffeine and total methylxanthine ingestion. These positive findings are discussed in light of the fact that most recent studies of this link have been negative.

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID