ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is one of the sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) seen through‐out the population. More than 60 types of HPV have been identified, and 20 are known to cause genital warts; other types of HPV have an oncogenic potential. During pregnancy, genital warts may grow (possibly due to a suppressed immune system) and the neonate may become exposed. Several cofactors that have been identified in the development of HPV include oral contraceptive use, pregnancy and parity, nutrition, smoking, unsafe sex practices, and immunosuppression. Treatment options are aimed at destroying the visible lesions and include topical therapy, laser vaporization, cryocautery, liquid nitrogen, or simple excision. Health care providers have an important role in counseling about HPV infections. This includes educating clients about risk factors, prevention, signs and symptoms of STDs including HPV, safe sex practices, and the importance of regular examinations. Empowerment and a positive approach must be taken to help the client understand that she has a right to protect herself from STDs including HPV.

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Dehydration is the most common fluid and electrolyte disturbance among the elderly population today. It is defined as a state of diminished total body water content and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Such health outcomes highlight the urgent need for effective screening and prevention in the primary care arena. Myriad predisposing factors make the elderly more vulnerable to dehydration. On physical examination, many of the classic signs of dehydration may be present among normally hydrated older populations, high‐lighting the need for an age‐appropriate assessment. In this regard, health care practitioners with a working knowledge of pertinent underlying pathophysiology and relevant predisposing factors will more readily identify high‐risk clients and implement successful preventative strategies. Prompt intervention can dramatically affect health care outcomes among high‐risk populations and go a long way in providing high‐quality, cost‐effective health care.

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Neurofibromatosis is the single most common genetic disease of the neurologic system. Because neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF‐1) is often diagnosed early in life, it is essential that health care providers deepen their understanding of this common genetic disorder. Children who meet particular criteria, as formulated by the National Institutes of Health, must be worked‐up for NF‐1 in order to initiate appropriate treatment implementation and evaluation. This article provides a review of the literature regarding the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and plan of treatment related to NF‐1, specifically as it affects children. Clear guidelines for health care providers in primary care are outlined.

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Anemia is a common disorder that should be diagnosed and managed in a primary care setting. Iron deficiency and chronic disease anemia are two subtypes of insidious anemias that may be difficult to differentiate. There are often excessive laboratory studies performed, patient delays, and increased costs while completing the workup. With the rising cost of health care, a greater emphasis is being placed on managed care. This type of system utilizes its own resources in a cost‐effective manner and encourages the investigation to be in the domain of the primary practitioner. As the nation focuses on this type of delivery system, outside referrals will be limited. Primary care providers as well as physicians in these types of settings will need to become well versed in the interpretation of these uncomplicated anemias. With appropriate training and experience in the interpretation of blood studies and peripheral smears, clinicians can effectively differentiate between these two classifications while easing the burden on the health care system.

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Health care is a major expense for businesses. A nurse‐managed Wellness Center in an approximately 1,000‐employee corporation has demonstrated how nurse practitioner services can help corporations reduce medical costs while fostering employee satisfaction and addressing aggregate health needs. In the first 6 months of operation, more than half of the company's employees used the wellness center for episodic care, health maintenance, and patient education, saving an estimated $100,000 in averted outside medical care and absenteeism. The worksite community provides an ideal environment to impact health behaviors through primary care linked with health promotion activities. The nurse‐managed center provides a model of care more accessible to patients than traditional medical care.

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Cervical cancer is the seventh most common cause of death from cancer in the United States and the most common cause of cancer in women around the world. In the United States, in 1995 alone, there were 15,800 cases of invasive cervical cancer that resulted in 4,800 deaths. The Papanicolaou (Pap) smear screen has helped in the identification of preinvasive disease, and, in fact, the cure rate for cervical disease is greater than 95% with early diagnosis using this test. This article discusses the risk factors for cervical disease, the essentials of diagnosis, the comparison of Pap smear classification systems, treatment guidelines, referral protocols, and future screening techniques for cervical disease.

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Prostatitis refers to the inflammation and/or infection of the prostatate gland, which occurs in several forms or syndromes and presents with varied etiologies, clinical features, and sequelae. The four common forms of prostatitis are acute bacterial prostatitis, chronic bacterial prostatitis, nonbacterial prostatitis, and prostatodynia. Differential diagnosis of prostatitis is based on history, physical exam findings, and, frequently, analysis of expressed prostatic secretions. Complaints may vary, but pain or discomfort in the rectal or perineal area is usually present. Clinicians in primary care settings should be knowledgeable about the types of prostatitis, etiology, and pathogenesis; the methods of diagnosis; and treatment/education issues.

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Patients with problems of high acuity need fully trained emergency physicians and nurses. Some patients with nonurgent problems can be cared for within the emergency department (ED) in a lower‐cost setting designed and staffed specifically for this purpose. Staffing a fast track or minor emergency area (MEA) with nurse practitioners (NPs) is one way to satisfy the ED's care needs. One site analysis of the effectiveness of NPs indicates that patients are satisfied with their care, that nurses' interpersonal skills are better than those of physicians, that technical skills are equivalent, that patient outcomes are equivalent or superior and that NPs improve access to care. A nurse practitioner‐staffed minor emergency area provides high quality care for approximately 21% of this site's adult emergency department population. Patients are triaged based on set criteria, allowing for short treatment times. The physical layout, triage criteria, and the NPs' scope of practice in the Level 1 trauma center's ED are detailed.

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID