ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Osteoporosis is a serious metabolic bone disorder that results in fractures of the wrist, hip and vertebrae. These fractures frequently occur with little or no trauma. Osteoporosis is seen more frequently in women than men. While the pathogenesis of osteoporosis is incompletely understood at this time, certain risk factors are emerging as important. Among the more important of these are family history, low calcium intake, early menopause and sedentary lifestyle. Other suggested risk factors include high intakes of protein, alcohol and caffeine; low body weight; exercise-induced amenorrhea; and cigarette smoking. No single therapy or combination of therapies for osteoporosis has proven to be uniformly successful. Indeed, once fractures occur, full restoration of the skeleton may not be possible. Currently, calcium, exercise and estrogen form the treatment for osteoporosis. When these conservative measures are ineffective or inadequate, treatment with fluoride, calcitonin, vitamin D or anabolic steroids may be attempted. Research to clearly identify and quantify risk factors and find an effective treatment for osteoporosis continues.

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Prevention of osteoporosis involves a variety of health promotion strategies: 1) good nutrition with an emphasis on non-animal sources of protein; 2) an adequate intake of calcium; and 3) an active lifestyle with plenty of weight-bearing activity. Cigarette-smoking and excessive intakes of alcohol and caffeine can accelerate the development of osteoporosis and should be avoided. In many cases hormonal replacement is also essential. The risk of endometrial carcinoma as a consequence of estrogen replacement is reduced by adding a progestogen on a cyclic basis. The most desirable estrogen/progestogen combination involves the use of a progestogen for at least 10 days every month and the use of estrogen on a cyclic basis with several days each month during which neither hormone is taken.

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Some nurse practitioners are becoming shareholders of medical corporations. This article discusses preliminary plans and specific areas to consider before joining a medical corporation. Information is also presented on precautions that the NP should consider taking before becoming a shareholder in a medical corporation, and the benefits the NP can expect from such involvement.

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID