ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is a pulmonary vascular disease characterized by an elevation in mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. Recently, PPH gained national attention because of its association with appetite suppressants. PPH may also be associated with pregnancy, hypothyroidism, autoimmune disorders, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and the use of drugs such as oral contraceptives and cocaine. Patients with PPH may report dyspnea on exertion and fatigue. Early diagnosis is crucial. New therapeutic regimens have dramatically reduced morality rates and improved quality of life by halting the progression of pulmonary vascular remodeling and averting right-sided heart failure. These therapies include high-dose calcium channel antagonists, anticoagulants, and continuous intravenous prostacyclin. Lung or heart-lung transplantation remains a vlable therapeutic option for patients who are treated late in the disease process, who are not responsive to medical management, or who remain symptomatic and continue to deteriorate.

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

With the more sophisticated radioimmunoassay serum hormone testing available, many clinicians bypass the hormonal cytology commonly expressed as the maturation index (MI). A specimen to measure the MI may be collected during a vaginal speculum examination at the same time a Pap smear is taken. Although an MI is typically included on Pap smear results, the significance of the findings is frequently over-looked. The results of accurately collected MI specimens may alert the clinician to ongoing hormonal influence. Although MI specimens may be obtained from various sites, MI readings from vaginal specimens are the emphasis of this article. Description, collection method, interpretation, factors altering readings, key related subjective and objective information, and an update on the current uses of the MI are presented.

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Hematuria, the presence of an increased number of red blood cells in the urine, may be a sign of a serious underlying genitourinary disease. The causes of hematuria may be classified as systemic disorders, those involving the renal parenchyma (glomerular versus tubulointerstial), or those involving the urinary collecting system. The history, physical examination, and microscopic urinalysis are the key elements in reaching a dignosis. Further testing is based on these results. The primary care provider's role in hematuria evaluation involves detection, confirmation, and initiation of the evaluation process, including appropriate laboratory studies and referral as necessary. The primary care provider's prompt referral and facillitation of the hematuria evaluation is critical in achieving the best possible outcome and avoiding renal failure or the other sequelae of genitourinary disorders.

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID