摘要:

Thermal destruction by incineration of chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHC) is an attractive method for the volume reduction and ultimate disposal of wastes. The present paper provides further insight into the fundamental properties of CHC for understanding the mechanism, rates of oxidation and other combustion characteristics, e.g., flame stability, ignition delay, sooting characteristics. CHC compounds require longer residence time at elevated temperatures for their destruction. CHC flames have lower flame velocity and are more prone to soot formation than their nonchlorinated counterpart. Flame velocity and maximum flame temperature decreases with increase in chlorine content of the hydrocarbon compound and decrease in preheat temperature of the fuel mixture. In addition to the CHC compounds decomposed by thermal destruction, their products during incineration must also be considered in the incineration design. Some CHC's are known to yield relatively more stable products of combustion than their parent compound during incineration. Present information will assist in a better design of incinerators for CHC combustion but further work is urgently required for the successful design and reliable operation of incineration for a range of CHC wastes.

ISSN:0098-6445    

DOI:10.1080/00986448608911709

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A steady heat transfer problem has been analyzed as a conjugate problem with turbulent flow in a circular tube. The three kinds of thermal boundary conditions considered here are specified as constant temperature, constant heat flux and constant heat transfer coefficient at the outer surface of the wall.

ISSN:0098-6445    

DOI:10.1080/00986448608911710

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A theoretical and experimental investigation of the transient thermal characteristics of a phase-change thermal energy storage (TES) unit using spherical capsules is presented. A simulation program that considers rigorously transient aspects of both the surrounding heat transfer fluid and the phase change material (PCM) packed inside the spherical capsule is developed. The overall thermal response of this TES unit is described with variation of the capsule diameter, the flow rate, and the kind of PCMs, etc. The simulation results are then compared with experimental observations.

ISSN:0098-6445    

DOI:10.1080/00986448608911711

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In the present report a relatively complex reaction system including several side reactions to the desired main reaction has been studied in a trickle-bed reactor. In addition the experimental part—which showed very good reproducibility of the results—an attempt to a reasonable modelling of the reactor was tried. The starting point was the differential equation system describing the kinetics of the reactions as well as the corresponding kinetic parameters, which had been established earlier in a slurry-reactor. It was possible to demonstrate that the behaviour of a trickle-bed reactor can be simulated by a relatively simple approach containing the basic kinetic equations, the wetting efficiency of the catalyst particles and a one-dimensional, pseudohomogeneous reactor model, the cell model. The so calculated concentration curves of the different reactants and products fitted the experimental values very closely. For those reasons, and especially for the reasonable effort needed for very satisfactory modeling, the results and proceeding steps outlined here might be of particular interest for further applications of trickle-bed reactors.

ISSN:0098-6445    

DOI:10.1080/00986448608911712

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A constitutive diffusion theory for polymer solutions is proposed based on a thermomechanical mixture theory. A general expression for the diffusion flux in a binary polymer-solvent system is presented. It is shown that the current approach is capable of sorting out various complex diffusion phenomena. In particular, the dependence of the diffusion flux on a gradient of a generalized chemical potential emerges naturally by considering the limit of “weak equilibrium”.

ISSN:0098-6445    

DOI:10.1080/00986448608911713

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

An investigation was carried out on the effects of liquid flow rates, solid particle size, bed height, and voidage on the dispersed-phase holdup, the drop size and the behavior of the dispersed phase in liquid-liquid concurrent fluidized beds. The mass transfer coefficients were calculated from liquid-liquid extraction data and the calculated results could be satisfactorily explained by matching with the dynamic behavior of the liquids and the change of drop size. The increase of liquid-liquid extraction rates in liquid-liquid fluidized beds was mainly due to the increase of interfacial areas of the dispersed phase.

ISSN:0098-6445    

DOI:10.1080/00986448608911714

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Tests have been made on the behaviour of fluidized beds at high temperature (15-950°C). Bed materials used were silica sand of different sizes.

ISSN:0098-6445    

DOI:10.1080/00986448608911715

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The object of the work described here was to elucidate the effects of operation under pressure on the physical behaviour of gas fluidized beds. Extensive measurements of various bubble properties such as size, shape and rise velocity in beds of coarse powders (mean particle diameters of 184 μm and 450μm) operated at pressures of up to 81 bar were made by photographing the images created by irradiation of the bed with X-rays, and analysing the bubble silhouettes thereby obtained. Most of the results presented here are averages of some 200 individual measurements.

ISSN:0098-6445    

DOI:10.1080/00986448608911716

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The results of the experimental investigation of pressure losses in a vertical co-current flow of a two phase solid particles-air system are given for the transient character of flow of the continuous phase. The dispersed phase was formed by 6 fractions of polypropylene particles and 5 fractions of glass ballotini of 90 · 10−6−370 · 10−6m and 60 · 10−6−200 · 10−6m equivalent diameter, respectively. The relative mass fraction of solid particles varied over the interval 0-1 dilute. On the basis of experimental data the generalized equation for the computation of pressure losses for the vertical transport was derived. The pressure losses calculated on the basis of this equation were compared with data published by 9 authors.

ISSN:0098-6445    

DOI:10.1080/00986448608911717

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The performance for gas separation by pressure swing adsorption is determined by four dimensionless parameters, pore diffusion (Detc/a2); bed utilization (uctc/L); purge-to-feed ratio (γ): and feed composition (yA0). The unique dependence of the product purities on these parameters are shown for binary-mixture separation on activated carbon. The importance of pore diffusion in PSA separation for binary mixtures may be assessed by the threshold value ofDetc/a2= 43, above which pore diffusion is not important.

ISSN:0098-6445    

DOI:10.1080/00986448608911718

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor