摘要:

Fires that occur either while aircraft are in flight or as a consequence of a crash remain life-threatening possibilities despite progress in technology and adoption of safety precautions. This article details some of the likely causes of aircraft fires, the resulting dangers in the immediate environment, prospects for survival recommends additional measures that may help avoid future accidents.

ISSN:0195-7910    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

When infants die suddenly of acute dehydration, clinical signs and autopsy findings may be equivocal or absent microbiologic cultures often are not helpful. Vitreous humor electrolyte and urea nitrogen concentrations were measured in 53 infants dying of gastrointestinal infections, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), other infectious diseases miscellaneous causes to determine whether these parameters would assist in the recognition and confirmation of deaths resulting from dehydration. Significant differences were found when comparing the mean sodium and urea nitrogen levels of infants dying of gastrointestinal infections with those succumbing to SIDS or other causes. We recommend that these determinations be routinely performed whenever the gross autopsy findings are insufficient to explain the death.

ISSN:0195-7910    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Records of the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner of the State of Maryland were reviewed for all cases of natural deaths due to epilepsy occuring in 1981 and 1982. Cases involving unclear seizure history, alcoholism, or other superimposed disorders were excluded. Twenty-nine cases were accepted and analyzed with respect to age, race, sex, circumstances of death, neuropathology anticonvulsant therapy. Most cases involved black males, the median age at death was 26 years the vast majority died in bed or in the bedroom. Less than half of these individuals had neuropathological lesions. Most had detectable levels of anticonvulsants in postmortem blood; more than half the decedents with detectable levels of phenobarbital showed therapeutic levels of this drug.

ISSN:0195-7910    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The main purpose of this investigation was to examine by quantitative methods if pathological fibrosis could be found in the Myocardium of epileptics. The investigation was retrospective and included 23 epileptics and 30 controls who were age- and sex-matched with the epileptics. No difference was found between epileptics and the control group as far as cellular infiltration, single myocyte necrosis, basophilic cell degeneration fresh bleeding were concerned. Fibrosis of the myocardium was measured quantitatively by point counting. The fibrosis was approximately 6% of the muscle mass in both groups. In conclusion, no structural difference in themyocardial composition was found between epileptics and the control group.

ISSN:0195-7910    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The determination of the cause of death of a person whose body is found in the water requires careful investigative work on the part of both police and pathologists. Opinions as to cause and manner of death should not be derived from the autopsy alone but must result from a logical correlation of data regarding victim identity, circumstances, autopsy laboratory findings.

ISSN:0195-7910    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The aim of this research was to verify characteristic morphological changes in the liver with regard to survival time after laser irradiation. The duration of irradiation was constant. For the purpose of irradiation we used a helium-neon laser. The value of the energy absorbed during the exposition amounted to about 2.5 J. Segments from the irradiated liver field of rats were taken directly after decapitation following different times of survival the changes were estimated in an ultrastructural microscope. Our results showed dependence of certain morphological changes (perceptible only by ultrastructural examination) on the time of survival after irradiation.

ISSN:0195-7910    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Studies were made on the acid-base balance, blood gases carbon monoxide (CO), cyanide sulfur dioxide concentrations in the blood of albino rabbits that died from automobile exhaust gas poisoning (group I) or fires in cares (complete combustion, group II; incomplete combustion, group III). In group I, the temperature and CO concentration increased gradually to 35°C and 5.2% in 70 min. The animals died after 9 min, when the values were 20°C and 5.2%, respectively. In group II the animals died after 9 min, when the values were 55°C and 1.95%, respectively. In group III, the temperature was very high (870°C), but the CO concentration was not (0.6–1.3%) after 4 min. The animals died after 5 min.In all experimental groups, marked acidosis and hypoxemia were seen, but the CO2tension (PCO2) was high, in contrast to previous studies on pure CO poisoning. In group I, the level of carboxyhemoglobin (CO-Hb) was significantly higher (91.2 ± 3.4% in arterial blood, 87.5 ± 8.1% in venous blood; p < 0.01) than in groups II and III. Although the O2tensions of venous and arterial blood (PvO2, PaO2) were very low, that of arterial blood was higher, suggesting that O2was still being utilized in the tissues at the time of death. In group II, CO-Hb was high (57.7 ± 16.0% in arterial blood, 61.2 ± 20.6% in venous blood) and the acid-base balance indicated marked acidosis. In group III, the CO-Hb, Pco2and cyanide levels in the blood were very high. CO and CO2might be produced by either type of combustion cyanide by a pyrolytic reaction of nitrogenous material. The high Pco2value suggested respiratory acidosis induced by inhibition of the central respiratory center by CO and/or cyanide. PaO2and PvO2were similar, suggesting that intracellular respiration was blocked by cyanide, the level of which was significantly higher than in group II (p < 0.01). Sulfur dioxide was not detected in any of the groups.It is concluded that in group II and more especially group I, CO may be the main lethal factor and that marked acidosis was induced by asphyxiation owing to CO and deficient O2. In group III, the primary cause of death may have been CO poisoning, with consequent inhibition of the cytochrome system by cyanide and O2deficiency.

ISSN:0195-7910    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

True vehicular homicides are defined as those occurrences in which a motor vehicle is used as a weapon in the taking of a life. While local customs may vary in classifying vehicular-related deaths, this author is not considering the “hit-and-run” type case or the negligent manslaughter type, which are best left in the accidental manners of death. Rather, a study of homicide by motor vehicle is presented using nine cases of vehicular homicide that occurred over a 5-year period in Metropolitan Dade County. The essence of such cases and how the forensic scientist should approach them are discussed.

ISSN:0195-7910    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effectiveness of previously untested disaster plans was demonstrated during the aftermath of the crash of Delta Airlines Flight 191 at D/FW International Airport on Friday, August 2, 1985. These plans, in effect for years and subjected to periodic review, were as yet untried before this first disaster at D/FW International since its opening. This paper outlines the disaster plans, the actual problems encountered, the logistics of a disaster of this kind insights gained from the experience.

ISSN:0195-7910    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The forensic odontological examination of 112 victims in the 1983 air accident near Abu Dhabi is described with particular reference to the problems encountered in the age assessment of the 26 children serves to illustrate that dental identification in aviation accidents may be of only limited application in Asian victims. Following this accident, other means of identification had misguidedly been removed by the recovery teams. Of those identified, half were by dental means alone, but this amounted to only 6.24% of the total number of victims.

ISSN:0195-7910    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID