摘要:

&NA;This study is based on 15 cases examined by the author. The majority of the infants were found in a prone position. Thymus was enlarged in all cases. Its enlargement of the lower portion overlying the basal portion of the heart formed an unyielding, tense membrane. In prone position, the heavy ventricles fell forward, producing angulation and kinking against this membrane and inhibited the filling of the heart or irritated the heart, producing arrythmia and cardiac arrest.

ISSN:0195-7910    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Four autopsy cases are presented in which sudden death was the initial manifestation of primary pulmonary hypertension. The arteriopathy was plexogenic in two cases (a 3‐year‐old girl and a 16‐year‐old boy) and was thrombotic in two other cases (55‐ and 59‐year‐old women). The diagnosis of primary pulmonary hypertension, particularly in forensic cases, requires that the pathologist be especially aware of the possibility and that a careful evaluation of multiple sections of lung be performed. Determination of the histopathologic type also is important because some forms of the disease may be familial and may be treatable in other family members if they are detected early.

ISSN:0195-7910    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;A simple statistical model for examining repetitive criminal behavior in acts of violence is described. The units, called “parameters,” are nonquestionable data concerning environment of the crime, personal properties, and postmortem findings of the victim, obtained by double‐blind investigation performed by two forensic pathologists. Parameters shared by two or more criminal acts allegedly committed by the same assailant were compared with the same parameters recorded from 50 or 100 other mutually independent criminal acts committed by other known assailants. This allowed an evaluation of the probability (p) of a crime pattern expressed as a parameter score to recur in mutually independent cases. The distribution of the score, when plotted on a logarithmic scale in all examples, showed an approximately normal distribution. The relation between probability (p), the estimated mean (&OV0335;), and standard deviation (SD) yielded a normal curve. Different patterns of action by different perpetrators and patterns indicating repetitive behavior could be obtained. The method is applicable during investigation of crimes in which the perpetrator acts in a repetitive manner, as in serial murders.

ISSN:0195-7910    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;A log‐linear analysis of monthly, seasonal, and day‐of‐the‐week trends for four types of violent deaths (suicide, homicide, traffic accident, and miscellaneous accident) occurring in Erie County, New York, between 1973 and 1983 was conducted. There were 3,787 violent deaths. There was no seasonal trend noted for any type of death except traffic deaths, which increased during the latter years of the study and which occurred more often in the summer. A general trend for increased deaths occurring on weekends was noted for each type of death except suicide. The authors speculate that this culturally entrained temporal variable may be related to increased alcohol consumption during weekends.

ISSN:0195-7910    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Swedish legislation concerning firearms is highly restrictive. It is illegal to possess weapons (except airguns) without a license. From 1970 through 1982, there were 79 accidental firearm fatalities in Sweden. This number, corresponding to 0.074/100,000/year, is very low in comparison with similar statistics worldwide. Of these fatalities, 47 were associated with hunting and were studied carefully. Despite an increase in both the popularity of hunting and in licensing of weapons, no change in the number of accidents per year could be confirmed. Twenty‐nine accidents occurred during small game hunting, of which 24 involved shotguns, and 18 occurred during moose hunting. The mean age overall was 46 years. All victims and shooters were men. Most accidents occurred before noon and during the autumn. During moose hunting, the victim most commonly was either mistaken for game or was standing beyond game. During small game hunting, the most common reason for death was improper handling of the weapon. Firing of defective weapons caused at least 10 fatal accidents. Alcohol inebriation was uncommon. It is unlikely that more restrictive firearm legislation would further decrease the number of fatal accidents. Instead, we believe that accidental firearm fatalities during hunting can be prevented by safer and more careful handling of weapons, including unloading weapons before transporting them; by replacing older weapons with more modern and safer ones; and by not allowing children to handle weapons. No shots should be fired until it is clarified that the target really is a game animal, and when hunting with rifles, the fields of fire should be clarified beforehand. Shooters at stand must be instructed not to leave their stands until explicitly told to do so.

ISSN:0195-7910    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Three cases of healing incised wounds that dehisced following death are reported. All three deaths were apparent drownings during summer months. The incised wounds had occurred from 1 week to 6 months prior to death. The length of postmortem immersion ranged from 2 days to 3 weeks, and all three decedents exhibited significant decompositional changes. Proper recognition of this postmortem artifact eliminates undue suspicions and contributes to proper identification.

ISSN:0195-7910    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;We have developed an empirical method of estimating paternity exclusion rates for any genetic system by counting exclusions among fictitious “nonfather” paternity cases generated from true paternity disputes. Especially for multiallele multiloci systems, this technique has advantages over traditional formulae methods in that it replaces tedious (and, in some cases, impossible) computations with simple data file manipulations, and it avoids introducing quantities such as gametic disequilibrium and recombination fraction that are difficult to measure. Exclusion rates for standard and one‐parent paternity cases are given for three racial groups (Caucasians, blacks, and Hispanics) in four genetic systems (HLA, ABO, MNSs, and Rh). Beside the method, of interest are our findings of higher HLA exclusion rates (93.25% for Caucasians, 94.62% for blacks, and 95.82% for Hispanics) compared with rates previously reported and high combined exclusion rates (89.59% for Caucasians, 91.65% for blacks, and 92.54% for Hispanics) in one‐parent paternity cases.

ISSN:0195-7910    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Postmortem red coloration of teeth (pink teeth) was found in 26 of 119 consecutive autopsy or forensic dental identification cases during 1973‐1984. The present study confirms that red coloration of teeth may occur some time after death under conditions that promote putrefaction and adipocere formation. The red coloration is due to hemolysis after exudation of hemoglobin derivatives through the dentine tubules in cases in which blood has accumulated in the head, either due to congestion or by a postmortem head‐down position, as after submersion in water.

ISSN:0195-7910    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Fifty‐six cases of paraquat poisoning were examined during the 8 years 1977‐1984. The ratio of cases of accidental to intentional ingestion of the poison was 1:1;23.2% of the total (13/56) survived several months or years. In 1983, 11 subjects accidentally drank 10‐30 ml of gramoxone; eight of 11 died in 2 weeks. Toxicological investigations demonstrated rapid elimination of poison from the blood, as well as prolonged fixation of paraquat in the lung, kidney, liver, and spleen tissues. Histological examinations showed multiorgan failure from renal tubular necrosis and pulmonary hemorrhage with alveolar epithelial injury. Pulmonary proliferative changes were present in only two cases who survived 7 and 10 days and in which artificial ventilation was utilized.

ISSN:0195-7910    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;An 18‐year‐old girl and her boyfriend were sprayed with toxic chemicals from the left front door of their parked car. The girl died of intoxication about 4 h later. The main findings of postmortem examination were spotty discolorations on her skin and severe pulmonary edema. The unknown chemical was identified as chloropicrin by gas‐liquid chromatography and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry of her lung and on samples from the car's console box, cassette tape case, and floor mat, all of which were wet with chemicals. The content of chloropicrin in her lung was calculated at 1.6 ng/g of wet weight.

ISSN:0195-7910    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID