摘要:

In brief: This review explores the effects of endurance training at moderate altitude on performance at lower elevations. While many coaches and athletes believe in the value of altitude training, the literature is often ambiguous and frequently contradictory. At altitude the body responds with favorable adjustments in hematological and other variables, which may provide for supranormal oxygen transport and increased performance on return to a normoxic environment. Individual differences in response may explain why some studies have shown altitude training to be beneficial while others have not.

ISSN:0091-3847    

DOI:10.1080/00913847.1984.11701821

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In brief: Nosebleeds can occur in athletes of any age, either spontaneously or after physical contact. They can impede or even halt performance. Prophylaxis is the best treatment. Athletes with a propensity for nasal hemorrhage should frequently coat the sides of the septum with petrolatum. Sudden epistaxis during a sports event should be treated by applying cotton to the bleeding area. If possible, the cotton should be soaked in a solution such as 3% hydrogen peroxide or epinephrine. Cauterization is sometimes appropriate; surgery is rarely necessary.

ISSN:0091-3847    

DOI:10.1080/00913847.1984.11701822

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In brief: Five mouth guard designs were made for 18 high school and university quarterbacks. The mouth guards were evaluated for speech intelligibility when the players called representative signals. Speech intelligibility was significantly better with custom mouth guards constructed on a cast of the player's dental arch than with the self-adapted mouth guards. All quarterbacks preferred the custom mouth guard with occlusion and restricted palatal coverage for use during the season.

ISSN:0091-3847    

DOI:10.1080/00913847.1984.11701823

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In brief: This study compared three stages of iron deficiency (iron depletion, iron deficiency erythropoiesis, and iron deficiency anemia) in athletes and controls immediately after menstruation and at midcycle. All athletes had subnormal serum ferritin levels at both test periods, indicating stage 1 iron deficiency. The control group's serum ferritin levels were normal. Two athletes were stage 2 iron deficient, but no athletes or control subjects were in the third stage of iron deficiency. This study shows that stage 1 and 2 iron deficiency may exist in female athletes even in the absence of anemia. Therefore, sports programs should provide nutrition counseling, but indiscriminate use of oral iron supplements should be discouraged.

ISSN:0091-3847    

DOI:10.1080/00913847.1984.11701824

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In brief: Many athletes think that their performance is helped by a high-sugar snack shortly before competition. To test this theory, the authors studied the effect of a preexercise snack on the duration to exhaustion and the changes that occur to blood glucose and blood lactate. Five college distance runners rode a bicycle ergometer to exhaustion—once after a glucose drink and once after drinking an equal volume of sugar-free, caffeine-free cola. Exercise time to exhaustion was 25% longer without the sugar drink than with it.

ISSN:0091-3847    

DOI:10.1080/00913847.1984.11701825

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In brief: The Special Olympics is a program of sports training and athletic competition for mentally retarded children and young adults. This article summarizes the injuries during the 1980 and 1981 New Jersey State Special Olympics. Eighty-seven of the 2,056 athletes as well as 47 spectators needed medical attention. There were only 58 athletic trauma injuries, and they were mild to moderate. Environmental factors were responsible for some heat cramps, fatigue, and sunburn. There were no seizures, medication problems, or difficulties related to the athletes' retardation. The injuries during the Special Olympics were similar in type and number to those in regular sports events. The results of this study show that it is safe for these athletes to participate in competitive sports.

ISSN:0091-3847    

DOI:10.1080/00913847.1984.11701826

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In brief: These physical education experts agree that two important goals of elementary physical education programs are developing movement skills and health-related fitness habits that will benefit children throughout their lives. Physical educators must decide on the content of their programs based on what is important in the culture. Because fitness cannot be maintained with the limited class time available for physical education, children should also be encouraged to participate in out-of-school family and community activities. The panel concluded that physical educators must establish priorities in their goals and demonstrate the positive effects of elementary school physical education programs.

ISSN:0091-3847    

DOI:10.1080/00913847.1984.11701827

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In brief: As more children and adolescents participate in long-distance running and rigorous training, the possibility of resulting growth plate damage has become a concern. The research literature indicates a need for caution, but no data unequivocally pronounce long-distance running safe or harmful to the developing child. Long-term effects should be studied by examining incidence reports on growth plate injuries, statistically analyzing running-related injuries, and examining youngsters who now participate or have participated in intense long-distance running. The authors emphasize that damage to the growth plate should be avoided through early diagnosis and treatment.

ISSN:0091-3847    

DOI:10.1080/00913847.1984.11701828

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In brief: Because cardiac pacemaker patients are a heterogeneous group, a graded exercise test using 1-met increments for robust patients and 1/2-met increments for frail patients should be performed before recommending an exercise program. Most patients are comfortable with a peak work load of 60% to 80% of their maximum capacity, and the physician can recommend an appropriate activity ranging from strolling at 1 mph (1/2 to 2 mets) to singles tennis (5 to 6 mets) based on the exercise test results. For most patients, a self-administered or supervised exercise program can be set up that will increase their capacity for sports or activities of daily living.

ISSN:0091-3847    

DOI:10.1080/00913847.1984.11701829

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The number of fitness programs for fire fighters is steadily increasing as the tangible and intangible benefits of these programs become evident. But the issue of mandatory vs voluntary standards has slowed the movement.

ISSN:0091-3847    

DOI:10.1080/00913847.1984.11701830

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor