摘要:

In briefThe female athlete triad of disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis affects women and girls in many sports, but the messages conveyed to those in“appearance”sports like gymnastics may play a role. Because the triad may result in irreversible bone loss and death, early detection is imperative. Friends, parents, coaches, and physicians can be alert to behaviors like eating alone, trips to the bathroom during or after meals, and the use of laxatives. Other signs and symptoms of the female athlete triad may include fatigue, anemia, depression, cold intolerance, lanugo, and eroded tooth enamel from frequent vomiting. Multidisciplinary treatment typically involves education, determining contributing factors, restoring adequate nutrition, and prescribing estrogen therapy when appropriate.

ISSN:0091-3847    

DOI:10.1080/00913847.1996.11947986

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In briefIn most people, mitral valve prolapse, which affects women more than men, is a benign condition with few or no symptoms. But in some patients it poses a significant problem. Potential sequelae include endocarditis, serious arrhythmia, and sudden death. Although a midsystolic click followed by a late systolic murmur is characteristic, definitive diagnosis requires echocardiography. Treatment ranges from education and reassurance in those who have mild disease to valve replacement in severe cases. Most athletes who have mitral valve prolapse can safely participate in all activities. Those with evidence of significant valvular disease, serious arrhythmia, or a family history of sudden death due to mitral valve prolapse, however, should participate only in low-intensity competitive sports.

ISSN:0091-3847    

DOI:10.1080/00913847.1996.11947987

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In briefFor about half of all pregnant women, low-back pain is inevitable. Physicians who can specify what type of back pain the patient has—lumbar, sacroiliac, or nocturnal—can institute targeted treatment that addresses the relevant pathophysiology. Acetaminophen and certain modalities such as icing the area are the basis of acute treatment in conjunction with ergonomic adaptation and a good low-back exercise program. This will help decrease stress on the low back, making back pain less likely. Before a woman becomes pregnant, encouraging her to become fit and resolving existing back problems is the key to back pain prevention.

ISSN:0091-3847    

DOI:10.1080/00913847.1996.11947988

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0091-3847    

DOI:10.1080/00913847.1996.11947989

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In briefWomen who are estrogen deficient have an increased risk of osteoporosis and future fractures. In recent years, improving technology and a consensus on the definition of osteoporosis have made it easier to measure bone density and assess the risk of osteoporosis. Density should be measured at two sites, the lumbar spine and the femoral neck. If only one measurement is possible, the site should be the lumbar spine in women younger than 65 and the femoral neck in women 65 and older. Treatment is recommended if a woman's bone density is more than one standard deviation below the young adult reference value.

ISSN:0091-3847    

DOI:10.1080/00913847.1996.11947990

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0091-3847    

DOI:10.1080/00913847.1996.11947991

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In briefUrinary tract infections (UTIs) and vaginitis are common among women. UTIs are classified as either complicated or uncomplicated, and, in most cases, the diagnosis can be made from the history and a urinalysis. Changes in the types of antibiotics available and the length of treatment have had promising results. Vaginitis infections are usually candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, or trichomoniasis, all of which can be diagnosed from the history and microscopic evaluation of the discharge. Both over-the-counter and prescription medications are used in treatment. Patient education about prevention measures can lessen infection risk.

ISSN:0091-3847    

DOI:10.1080/00913847.1996.11947993

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0091-3847    

DOI:10.1080/00913847.1996.11947994

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0091-3847    

DOI:10.1080/00913847.1996.11947995

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0091-3847    

DOI:10.1080/00913847.1996.11947996

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor