摘要:

The immune response genes that control the immune response and recognition of ‘self’ from ‘nonself’ are closely linked with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex. Sixty-six HLA antigens were typed in 42 Caucasian patients with inner ear diseases of unknown etiology. All of these patients had positive serum antibodies against the inner ear structures as detected by an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Results revealed that none of the 66 HLA antigens was associated with the inner ear diseases. Reviewing results from other studies on HLA association in inner ear diseases shows that the findings are inconsistent with each other. The conclusion that HLA associations occur with inner ear diseases cannot be

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276403

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Recent studies of the outer hair cells in cochlea have demonstrated active motilities. However, very little study has been done on the vestibular hair cells (VHCs). The present study shows the motile response of the VHCs induced by application of Ca2+/ATP promoting contraction. Reversible cell shape changes could be shown in 10 of 16 isolated type I hair cells and 9 of 15 isolated type II hair cells by applying the contraction solution. Furthermore, the sensory hair bundles in the utricular epithelium pivoted around the base and stood perpendicularly to the apical borderline of the epithelium in response to the application of the same solution. It is suggested that the contraction of the isolated VHCs may be transferred to tension which causes the sensory hair bundles to restrict their motion in normal tissue, instead of changing the cell shape.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276404

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We recently observed a case of vertebral artery (VA) dissection following chiropractic neck manipulations. The first manifestation was unusual; in the form of vertigo. Therefore, the patient was referred to the otoneurologist. A VA dissection should be suspected in a case of vertigo following chiropractic neck manipulations, and vestibular tests should be done carefully, avoiding Rose’s positions. In our case, the diagnosis was based on Doppler sonography and angiography. Chiropractic neck manipulations are the most frequent cause of traumatic VA dissection. Practitioners should be aware that, in some cases, these manoeuvres are life threatenin

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276405

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A 37-year-old man with both Mondini dysplasia and normal hearing is reported. The patient visited our clinic with a complaint of unsteadiness. Pure-tone audiometry showed a normal hearing level in both ears. Polytomography and computed tomography (CT) revealed enlargement of the vestibules and lateral semicircular canals in both ears but a normal shape of the cochlea and other semicircular canals. The caloric test indicated severe canal paresis (CP) in the left ear and moderate CP in the right ear, whereas the active head rotation test demonstrated that head-eye coordination was preserved at frequencies of 0.33 and 0.67 Hz but slightly deteriorated at 1.0 Hz. The patient’s unsteadiness seemed to be attributable to a hypofuncion of the bilateral semicircular canals, which may be due to insidious, repeated cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea caused by judo wrestling. Although Mondini dysplasia with normal hearing has been believed to be rare, phylogenetic consideration suggests that more such patients exist than has been assume

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276406

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A spindle cell lipoma was removed surgically from the right intralaryngeal lesion of a 68-year-old man. Laryngoscopy demonstrated a spherical protrusion with intact mucosa near the vestibular fold. CT scan examination showed a low-density mass just medial to the thyroid cartilage. Light microscopy revealed that the circumscribed tumor consisted of mature lipocytes and spindle cells. Electron microscopy revealed that the spindle cells lacked a typical basal lamina. Such tumors are more frequent in the posterior aspect of the neck and shoulder regions. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a spindle cell lipoma within the larynx.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276407

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276408

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276409

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276410

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Promising fundamental research opportunities identified by the National Strategic Research Plan of the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders include encoding of sound and gravitational/acceleration force by the inner ear, processing complex signals in the central nervous system, the molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for hair cell motility, mechanoelectric transduction, homeostasis and metabolism of the inner ear, synaptic transmission, hair cell regeneration, plasticity and otoacoustic emissions. Clinical research opportunities include the molecular genetics of hereditary hearing impairment, the etiology of sensorineural hearing loss, environmental ototoxicity, the elucidation of tinnitus, the development of vaccines against otitis media, pharmacotherapy, rehabilitation for hearing loss and deafness with hearing aids and cochlear implants and physical therapy rehabilitation for vestibular disorders.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276411

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A biological view of the central auditory system seems to be replacing the older Galilean or physics-based view as the guide for research in the late 20th century. This emerging view is primarily Darwinian in origin and recognizes that the entire auditory system is an adaptation for extracting information from natural sounds and their sources, usually for the guidance of immediate behavioral action. The fact that natural sounds themselves are almost always transients, too brief in duration to have tonal quality, suggests that the ear is far more of a Fast Fourier Transformer (and less of a Fourier analyzer) than is usually explicitly stated. Since the brief sounds constituting most of the acoustical environment contain critical information for guiding behavioral activity, several further hypotheses regarding the cell-level and tissue-level contributions of the central auditory system also follow. For example, the new view suggests that the central auditory system’s role is likely to include the extraction of the behaviorally most important features, aspects, or dimensions of the sources of sounds in addition to, or possibly instead of, the physical dimensions of the sounds themselves. Because this new view has already enjoyed some measure of success and has also suggested a number of new and unusual directions for future research, it may become the dominant theory for research in the 21 st centur

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276412

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger