摘要:

Aspirin and other salicylates influence otoacoustic emissions (OAEs), but changes in transiently evoked OAEs (TEOAEs) following aspirin intake have not been studied experimentally. We examined the changes in TEOAEs, together with auditory brainstem responses (ABRs), in guinea pigs before and after the intravenous injection of aspirin (100 and 400 mg/kg). TEOAE power decreased slowly after the injection in a dose-dependent manner. Mean minimal values were detected 20 min after the injection of 100 mg/kg, and 40 min after the injection of 400 mg/kg. TEOAE power recovered slowly. These changes were paralleled by shifts in ABR thresholds. The magnitude of the decrease in the frequency components in the TEOAE frequency power spectrum was similar. In one guinea pig, TEOAE power returned to the pretreatment level 7 h after the injection. Findings support the results of in vitro studies that salicylates affect electromotility in isolated outer hair cells from guinea pig cochlea.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276800

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Aminoglycoside antibiotics are commonly used for the treatment of serious gram-negative infections despite a high incidence of associated ototoxicity. Attempts to elucidate the mechanisms of toxicity or prevent the adverse effects have previously been unsuccessful. Recently, the damaging effects of aminoglycosides on the inner ear have been shown to be caused by a metabolite of the drug, implying an enzymatic conversion of the parent compound. Glutathione has been suggested to be closely related to the detoxification mechanisms of this metabolite. This study revealed the possible attenuation of aminoglycoside ototoxicity by glutathione. Guinea pigs were given amikacin alone or amikacin with prior intramuscular injection of glutathione. The pre-treatment of glutathione significantly reduced the damage of outer hair cells of the organ of Corti. This may indicate that glutathione reduces the aminoglycoside ototoxicity and can be favorably applied in clinical use.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276801

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We found positive IgM antibody against rubella virus in the blood of 23 out of 1,054 (2.2%) children (age ranged between 12 months and 14 years). Fifteen of 23 infected children were found to have bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (4 children of the at-risk group and 11 of 19 from the not-at-risk group). Hearing impairment was bilateral in all cases, profound in 1 moderate to severe in 9 and mild in 5. The serological results of the examined children are discussed and compared with other reported results. The prevalence rate of rubella infection is low. This is attributed to the universal childhood vaccination programme compulsory for all Saudi children.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276802

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Multifrequency tympanograms were recorded from 76 ears of 43 children affected by otitis media with effusion (OME) and 90 ears of normal-hearing children to obtain data for resonance frequency (RF) and changes in phase angle. There was found to be a statistically significant decrease (p < 0.01) in both RF values and change in phase angle in ears with OME compared to normative data. This decrease may be interpreted by considering OME as a mass pathology. Multiple-frequency tympanometry seems to be a useful method for determining the effect of various middle-ear pathologies on the mechano-acoustical status of the middle-ear system.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276803

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Nasal polyposis is characterized by heavy eosinophilic infiltration into nasal polyp tissue. Nasal polyps have a predilection for the anteroinferior aspect of the middle turbinate and middle meatal area. To elucidate the pathogenesis of nasal polyps, the authors investigated the distribution of eosinophil infiltrating into nasal polyp tissue, especially at its pedicle, in comparison with the appearently normal nasal mucosa of the middle and inferior turbinates of the same patients. Tissue samples were taken from 12 allergic rhinitis patients with nasal polyps during endoscopic sinus surgery. Three kinds of monoclonal antibodies, EG1, EG2 and BMK-13, were used for immunohistochemical staining. The average number per high-power field of EG1 + cells was 6.33 at the pedicle of polyps and 4.68 and 4.36 at the middle and inferior turbinates, respectively; for EG2+ cells, it was 6.16 at the polyp pedicle and 2.06 and 2.47 at the middle and inferior turbinates, and for BMK-13+ cells, 4.20 at the polyp pedicle and 5.17 and 4.81 at the middle and inferior turbinates. There were no significant differences in the distribution of EG1 + and BMK-13+ cells, but a relatively larger number of activated eosinophils (EG2+ cells) was noted at the pedicle of polyps compared with the other sites (p < 0.025). In addition, the EG2+ cell/EG1+ cell ratio was significantly higher at the pedicle of polyps compared with the other sites (p < 0.01). The results of this study suggest that the activation of eosinophils is significant in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps in atopic patients rather than the number of eosinophils.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276804

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Twenty-eight patients undergoing rhinologic surgery were enrolled in a clinical study to compare two post-operative cleansing preparations. Patients were asked to wash their nasal fossae for 1 month, either with Rhinomer®, a cleansing preparation of isotonic, sterile, undiluted sea water, presented in a slightly pressurised bottle with neither CFC nor preservative, or with Prorhinel®, a marketed solution containing an antiseptic agent. Patients were randomly allocated to treatment beginning 2 days after surgery. Nasal status was assessed by symptoms (blocking nose, rhinorrhoea, sneezing, itching and impaired smell) and rhinologic endoscopy (colour of the nasal mucosa, swelling of the mucosa, secretions, presence of crusts or pus). Patients attended control visits on days 9, 15 and 30 following surgery. They were asked to record symptom intensity and use of a rescue medication (Vibrocil®, dimetindene 0.25 mg and phenylephrine 2.5 mg/ml) on a diary card. Twenty-six of 28 patients were eligible for efficacy analysis, 14 in the Rhinomer group and 12 in the Prorhinel group. In both groups, intensity of complaints decreased markedly over the study period. No severe adverse drug reactions were reported in either treatment. Evoked complaint frequency was comparable between groups, but patient’s and physician’s opinion on tolerability was significantly different between treatments, in favour of Rhinomer. In addition, the test preparation was found to be easier to use than Prorhinel. The weekly average frequency of use of the rescue medication was not significantly different between treatments. When both patients and physicians were asked about treatment efficacy, they expressed an opinion significantly more favourable to Rhinomer than to the reference drug. In this study, Rhinomer has shown efficacious results that justify its use in washing of the nasal cavities following endonasal s

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276805

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The clinicopathological implications of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) were assessed in 25 squamous-cell carcinomas arising in the maxillary sinuses. NORs in the carcinoma tissue were stained with silver colloid and counted. As the histological differentiation of the tumors decreased, the mean AgNOR number rose significantly. The mean AgNOR number in T4 cancers was higher than that in T2 and T3 cancers, and the difference between T3 and T4 categories was significant. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the AgNOR number between tumors of patients with and without recurrence after therapy, between those with different clinical stages or between those with good or poor response to treatment. Moreover, there was no significant difference in survival rates between patients with low and high AgNOR counts. These studies indicate that, in the collective examined, the AgNOR staining method was of no prognostic value for patients with squamous-cell carcinomas of the maxillary sinus.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276806

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Conventional uvulopalatopharyngoplasty has in the last years to an increasing extent been succeeded by a variety of laser procedures for snorers obstructed by lax palates only. These surgical techniques have the advantages of being less traumatic and therefore more suitable for local anesthesia and outpatient surgery. However, to the authors’ knowledge, there are no studies on degree of patient discomfort during this type of surgery as well as the value of anticholinergic component in premedication in preventing bradycardia and hypersalivation during the operation. We studied 53 consecutive patients undergoing laser-uvulopalatoplasty (LUPP) under local anesthesia at our day care unit. LUPP is a one-stage operation for rhonchopathy which has been developed at our department. Twenty-five patients received morphine and scopolamine, and 28 morphine alone as premedication. Peroperative salivation, bradycardia and nausea was estimated and recorded for each group. Later the patients were asked to assess mouth dryness both before and after surgery, as well as satisfaction with sedation and pain relief. The great majority of the patients ( > 80%) described only insignificant pain, which when occurring was related to subliminal premedication or to the injection of local anesthesia or both. Morphine-scopolamine was significantly better in preventing hypersalivation (p < 0.01) during surgery and also improved sedation and analgesia when compared to morphine alone (p < 0.05). The efficacy of LUPP is compared with various laser procedures for snorin

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276807

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Dysphagia consists of various diseases, which all lead to an impaired quality of life. Besides a thorough case history and clinical examination, there is a need for objective diagnostic examinations to evaluate the extent of the disease. The present study includes 38 patients suffering from the most common causes of dysphagia such as benign or malignant strictures of the esophagus, esophagitis, achalasia cardiae, cricopharyngeal dysfunction and motility disorders. The patients were examined by endoluminal ultrasonography using a 2.7 mm-wide-probe. The present study clearly indicates the value of the method in evaluating the extent of the disease in patients suffering from the aforementioned diseases.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276808

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We carried out a questionnaire survey regarding the symptoms of orthostatic dysregulation (OD) and administered the Schellong test to 301 healthy young females ranging in age from 18 to 21 years. OD was identified in 62 (20.6%) of the subjects based on the questionnaire. Although orthostatic dizziness was relatively common in the entire group of young females (171/301, 56.8%), this symptom was much more prevalent in the subjects with OD (58/62, 93.5%). There was also a highly significant difference between the systolic pressure decrease during the Schellong test procedure in 22 subjects with OD with frequent orthostatic dizziness and that in the 239 subjects without OD. Although the clinical value of the Schellong test in the assessment of OD and other related conditions has been brought into question because of its relatively poor specificity, we conclude that this test procedure may be useful in screening for OD or autonomic nerve dysfunction, since it presents the advantage of easy application in clinical practice.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276809

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger