摘要:

The work of Japanese research commitees on the relation of viral infection to sudden deafness and acute profound deafness is briefly introduced. The criteria for making a diagnosis of sudden deafness and mumps deafness are described. A new method of detecting IgM antibody to mumps virus was developed in research done for one of the committees. Use of this method revealed that sudden deafness in 1 out of 39 patients was due to mumps virus. Experimental viral labyrinthitis was produced in guinea pigs using herpes simplex virus (types 1 and 2) and guinea pig cytomegalovirus (GPCMV). Histopathological studies were conducted, and the results are discussed and compared with those for human viral labyrinthitis. Anomaly of the cochlea was found in the offspring of a guinea pig which became pregnant just after GPCMV was inoculated into its cochlea.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275993

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Evoked otoacoustic emissions (EOAEs) hold some promise as a fast, objective and noninvasive procedure to study the cochlea at the outer hair cell level. This paper summarizes the fundamental aspects of EOAEs, in particular their relationship with the active biomechanical properties of the cochlea. The properties of EOAEs are analyzed in normally hearing ears, in ears with sensorineural hearing loss, especially in Ménière’s disease, in acoustic neuromas and in central deafness; the properties of EOAEs were also evaluated as to their suitability for screening auditory dysfunction in infa

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275994

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The sensorimotor mechanism to stabilize the visual field in upright posture is not the same in earth-horizontal plane and vertical plane, because gravity possesses a directionality which is sensed by gravity-receptors. In this communication, asymmetric behavior of the vertical optokinetic nystagmus and afternystagmus is discussed, in conjunction with lesion placements within the peripheral and central neuro-networks (macula sacculi and cerebellar uvula and nodulus) in squirrel monkeys.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275995

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The mucosa of the upper respiratory tract is protected by a secretory immune system which is under complex immunoregulatory control. B cells with a potential for J-chain expression are initially stimulated in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (probably including the tonsils) and thereafter migrate through lymph and blood to glandular sites where they differentiate to immunoglobulin-producing immunocytes. Most locally produced immunoglobulin normally consists of dimeric IgA which is selectively transported through serous glandular cells by means of an epithelial receptor protein called the secretory component (SC). IgM is also subjected to SC-mediated transport. In patients with selective IgA deficiency, secretory IgA is lacking, but it may be satisfactorily replaced by protective secretory IgM. In other IgA-deficient patients, however, immunoregulatory compensation gives rise to a large number of IgD-producing cells in respiratory mucosae. IgD cannot act as a secretory antibody and these patients are prone to have recurrent infections. There are thus large individual variations in the secretory immune system, which in the future hopefully may be subjected to regulatory manipulation.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275996

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The rate of energy expenditure was repeatedly measured by indirect calorimetry both in the basal state (BMR) and in the resting fed state (RMR) in 8 middle-aged male patients operated for oropharyngeal cancer. In the postsurgical phase, two sequential energy levels were administered by nasogastric tube: (1) a ‘maintenance’ level (days 3–5) at 1.4 × measured presurgery BMR; (2) a ‘supramaintenance’ level (days 6–9) at 1.7 X measured BMR on day 6. Before surgery the patients had a BMR averaging (23.7 ± 1.0 kcal/kg·day). After surgery BMR increased to 27.6 ± 2.7 kcal/kg·day (day 6), then it decreased to 24.4 ± 1.4 kcal/kg·day (day 10). The difference between RMR and BMR yielded a nutrient-induced thermogenesis averaging 5 ± 1 and 8.5 ± 2% (p < 0.05) on levels 1 and 2, respectively. It is concluded that an energy level corresponding to 1.4 × presurgery BMR is sufficient to maintain energy and substrate equilibrium in nondepleted patients, whereas 1.7 × BMR induces positive protein and fat balances concomitant to a decrease efficiency

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275997

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Horner’s syndrome (cervical sympathetic paralysis) typically includes ptosis, miosis, enophthalmos and facial anhidrosis. However, the effect of sympathetic denervation upon the nasal mucosa should be included as a prominent feature, since nasal obstruction is often the most disabling sequel. The anatomical, physiological, and historical basis is discussed and surgical management suggeste

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275998

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Electron microscopy of the rabbit eustachian tube showed the presence of osmiophilic lamellar bodies in the cytoplasm of secretory cells and of osmiophilic free lamellar membranes in the lumen of tubal glands or above the epithelium. Similar structures have been reported in other parts of the respiratory system and in the pulmonary alveoli. The functional significance of these morphological observations is suggestive of a surface-tension-lowering effect on the mucosal lining layer of the eustachian tube and of a possible relationship to the phospholipid surfactant of the lung.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275999

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The localization of allergen-specific IgE synthesis in allergic diseases of the upper respiratory tract is so far unknown. It has been suggested that the IgE production takes place in the nasal mucosa itself. The present immunohistochemical studies with anti-IgE and monoclonal markers for B lymphocytes, plasma cells, antigens of the major histocompatibility complex, T helper and T suppressor cells indicate that there are no IgE-producing plasma cells in the nasal mucosa of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. The IgE-associated cells have been defined as two different types of mast cells. Furthermore we found IgE-associated lymphoid follicles in palatine as well as in nasopharyngeal tonsils and in cervical lymph nodes from allergic patients. IgE-specific activated B lymphocytes and plasma cells were identified in direct contact with migratory mast cells in these lymphoid tissues. We therefore suggest that IgE synthesis takes place in the lymphoid tissues of Waldeyer’s ring and in downstream cervical lymph nodes and that migratory mast cells transport specific IgE back to the nasal mucosa to mediate the allergic reactio

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276000

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

To evaluate the reliability of conventional tests for facial nerve denervation, comparisons of the thresholds and relationship with prognosis were made between the conventional percutaneous and direct stimulation methods in 11 cases of facial palsy decompressed and followed up for more than 6 months. Although all cases showed complete or severe nerve degeneration in the preoperative percutaneous stimulation test, the threshold for the direct intraoperative stimulation test varied from 4 V (normal) to more than 30 V. The results of the direct intraoperative stimulation test correlated well with prognosis (degree of improvement of palsy score). Our results indicate that the direct stimulation method is better than the percutaneous stimulation method as an electrodiagnostic test for nerve degeneration.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276001

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Bilateral simultaneous Bell’s palsy (BSBP) is an infrequent clinical presentation. Two patients with BSBP following a recent herpes simplex gingivostomatitis are described. From a clinical point of view, these cases support the concept that Bell’s palsy may be a partial manifestation of a generalized polyneuropathy, and most probably caused by a reactivated latent herpes simplex vi

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276002

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger