摘要:

Enhanced MRI has recently become an even more useful diagnostic tool in the study of the labyrinth in sudden deafness and vertigo. A 22-year-old male who experienced a right-sided sudden deafness and vertigo due to mumps virus underwent labyrinthine MRI examination with gadolinium, and both labyrinthine and nerve bundle involvement was demonstrated. The relationship between mumps virus and the sudden deafness in humans has not been completely established and the path of labyrinthine infection and the possible eighth-nerve involvement is discussed. In vivo evidence of labyrinthine and cochleovestibular-nerve involvement in mumps virus sudden deafness and vertigo has not been previously demonstrated. MRI findings may represent a new contribution in the evaluation of the etiopathogenesis of mumps virus deafness and vertigo.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276856

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Recent advanced techniques for the reconstruction of three-dimensional (3D) images allow further visual recognition of the fine structures of the temporal bone. We demonstrate the advantages of reconstruction 3D imaging in helical CT scans of the normal temporal bone and in patients who have received cochlear implants. After the temporal bone was scanned in the axial plane in the helical scan mode, the data were transferred to a workstation and 3D reconstruction was performed. The normal temporal bone structures were well recognized on these 3D images. The spatial relationship between the lymphatic space of the inner ear and the electrode array is visible. This method provides a detailed anatomy of the insertion of the electrodes into the cochlea and provides precise images of electrode routes by means of varying the angles of view on the computer display. Individual electrodes could not be distinguished. The information from 3D images may be useful not only for pre- but also postoperative investigations in cochlear implantation.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276857

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of 10 min of static tilt on ocular counterrolling (OCR) were investigated. Seven healthy volunteers were tilted 45° around the naso-occipital axis, fixed at that position for 10 min, and the pre- and post-tilt OCRs were recorded. OCR was video-recorded using an infrared CCD camera and subjected to computer image analysis. The subjects were directed to fixate on an imagined target in the dark (experiment 1), or viewed an earth vertical, striped pattern placed in front of his/her eyes to enhance the recognition of extent of body tilt (experiment 2). In experiment 1, the average OCRs recorded before and after 10 min of tilt showed no significant changes. However, in experiment 2, OCR decreased significantly after 10 min of tilt. These results suggest that visual perception of spatial verticality can produce time-dependent adaptation of OCR

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276858

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Recently, a pilot suffering from Ménière’s disease was referred to our department. The decision concerning his ability to fly was made after an open discussion with him and his employer. He was allowed to fly during a period of remission. The relationship based on mutual trust proved to be wise since this pilot never tried to deny any recurrence of vertigo and spontaneously decided to obtain a waiver when vertigo reoccurred. In contrast, a law stating that pilots with Ménière’s disease should be permanently grounded regardless of the treatment’s result may lead to pilots flying with unconfesse

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276859

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Myofascial pain syndrome of the head and neck is a frequent cause of facial pain and is characterized by tender trigger points. In a double-blind study of 107 patients, local injection therapy using one of three solutions was applied at the trigger points by intracutaneous injection of 0.3 ml solution followed by deep infiltration of the site. Results using bupivacaine 0.25%, lignocaine 1% and saline 0.9% were compared. There was no significant difference among groups with respect to reduction of pain and overall rating by patients of the therapeutic benefits. Fifty-three patients (49%) were free of symptoms after treatment, 40 patients (38%) reported substantial relief and in 14 patients (13%) symptoms remained unchanged. The findings suggest that relief of pain is mainly due to reflex mechanisms rather than to the pharmacological effects of the injected solutions. Physiological saline solution is recommended for use in local injection therapy.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276860

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A cyst of the nasolacrimal drainage system (NLDS) is rare in an adult. We report a case in a 29-year-old man of a mucous retention cyst of the NLDS, which appeared 2 years after the patient developed dacryocystitis coincident with an aggravation of chronic sinusitis. The lesion was successfully managed by removing the bony wall of the NLDS at the interface with the ethmoid and nasal cavity, as well as the membranous closure of the ostium of the common canaliculus. We speculate that the cyst development might have been initiated by inflammatory change such as mucosal adhesion in the NLDS resulting from the spread of secondary infection from the sinonasal tract.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276861

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Relatively little is known about the prevalence of sinusitis in a general population. Patients with suspected intracranial neurological disease can be considered as representative of the general population. On magnetic resonance imaging nearly 60% of the sinuses were affected. If the most common lesion (a maxillary polyp or cyst) was excluded, still 40% of the sinuses were affected. Above all the maxillary sinuses are involved with 40% abnormal images followed by the anterior ethmoidal sinuses with 14%. The other sinuses are less likely to be affected with 2.5% of the sphenoidal, 2% of the frontal and 1.5% of the posterior ethmoidal sinuses.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276862

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Human mucosal microvascular endothelial cells (HMMECs) were isolated and cultured from the mucosa of nasal inferior turbinates. These cells were identified by human factor-VIII antigen and UEA-I. We also investigated alterations in intracellular calcium concentration [Ca2+]i, in HMMECs using the Ca2+-sensitive dye fura-2. Depolarization by high K+ (150 mM) induced no changes in [Ca2+]i in HMMECs, thereby indicating the lack of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels in these cells. Extracellular ATP increased [Ca2+]i in HMMECs both in the presence and absence of extracellular Ca2+. These results suggest that ATP may induce a release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores in HMMECs. Adenosine induced no changes in [Ca2+]i in HMMECs. It is thus likely that HMMECs obtained from the nasal inferior turbinate may carry P2-purinoceptors but not P1-purinoceptors.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276863

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A principal components analysis was performed on a set (10) of acoustic, aerodynamic, perceptual and laryngoscopic data obtained from 87 dysphonic patients. Two principal components were clearly identified: the first represents in some way the glottal air leakage, resulting in turbulent noise, particularly obvious in higher spectral frequencies, and giving the perceptual impression of breathiness; the second accounts rather for the degree of aperiodicity in vocal fold oscillation, reflected in jitter measurements and with a perceptual correlate of harshness or roughness. Morphological changes of vocal folds correlate more closely with this second principal component. Among acoustic parameters, harmonics-to-noise ratio in the formant zone and magnitude of the dominant cepstrum peak seem to integrate to some extent the effects of both principal components.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276864

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Congenital deformities of the inner ear can be associated with meningitis and varying degrees of hearing loss or deafness. Recurrent periods of meningitis, sometimes lethal, are due to communication between the middle ear cavity and the subarachnoid space. Different types of congenital dysplasia have been classified earlier and we report a 3-year-old girl with unilateral deafness, episodes of meningitis and a malformation of the inner ear and the footplate of the stapes.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276865

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger