摘要:

The right superior cervical ganglia of 11 cats were removed. After intravenous injection of horseradish peroxidase, both sides of the cochleas were infused with 2% glutaraldehyde and the lateral wall of the cochlea was then microdissected. As control group, both sides of the cochleas of 4 cats were extracted while the superior cervical ganglia remained intact. The samples were incubated after a modified Graham-Karnovsky method and observed by light microscopy. The diameters of the capillaries of the stria vascularis and spiral ligaments were measured. In 8 cats (73%), the diameters of the capillaries of the stria vascularis on the side on which sympathectomy was performed were significantly greater than those on the opposite side. There was no statistical difference between the diameters of the capillaries of the spiral ligament on either the sympathectomized side or the intact side, except in 2 cats. In the control group (in which the superior cervical ganglia were left intact), no statistical difference was found as regards the diameters of the stria vascularis capillaries on either the left or right side. In summary, sympathectomy affected only the capillaries of the stria vascularis and not those of the spiral ligament.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276137

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The present experiment examined the effect of anoxia on the spontaneous discharges of cochlear single units in guinea pigs; several additional animals were tested for the combined effect of anoxia and sodium salicylate. Following the induction of anoxia, initial increases in the number of spontaneous discharges were seen in 19 of the 34 cochlear single units tested. Neurons showing high frequencies during normal respiration tended toward increased rates of discharge during anoxia. In the 5 animals pretreated with sodium salicylate, remarkable increases in the spike rates were noted following the induction of anoxia.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276138

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The caloric nystagmus of rhesus monkeys in the ‘optimum’ supine or prone position was recorded three-dimensionally using magnetic search coils. The horizontal component of the nystagmus was in the direction expected from the convection flow theory of Bárány. The torsional component changed its direction according to the side of caloric stimulation independent of head position with regard to gravity, i.e., counterclockwise nystagmus by right ear stimulation and clockwise nystagmus by left ear stimulation both in the supine or in the prone positions. The direction of the vertical component depended upon the head position and not upon the side of stimulation, i.e., up-beating nystagmus in the supine position and down-beating nystagmus in the prone position. The durations and the contours of slow phase velocity of the horizontal, vertical and torsional components were different from each other. The origins of the first phase of caloric nystagmus in three dimensions may be explained by activation of all the three semicircular canals. As for the second phase of caloric nystagmus in the supine or in the prone position, the torsional component was comparatively strong and lasted the longest among the three components. The second phase of caloric nystagmus was markedly modified by head position with regard to gravity. These findings suggest that it is the otolithic organs that determine the moving plane of second phase caloric nyst

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276139

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We developed a system to feedback the center of foot pressure by vision using a microcomputer. The subjects were instructed to adjust the center of foot pressure (displayed on the computer display at real time) to the point of intersection of the two stable (horizontal and vertical) lines on the computer display. The peak of the power spectra of body sway shifted significantly to the higher frequency range in the Y component (the lateral direction) in the visual feedback condition. Thus, we conclude that the visual feedback of body sway depends mainly on the error signals between the fovea and the image in the lateral direction to stabilize body sway.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276140

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Ten competition shooters were tested during simulated race using the force platform technique to investigate the effect of training on postural stability. The shooters were tested at 30-min intervals during a race simulating actual race conditions. Sway velocity was calculated during 27-second periods. The postural stability was evaluated with and without competition clothing. The shooters had significantly better stability than untrained control subjects, when tested without supportive clothing. The competition clothing reduced the sway velocity further both in visual and nonvisual conditions. The Romberg quotient was higher in shooters than in normal controls, indicating that the shooters used to an increased amount proprioceptive and vestibular cues to stabilize their posture. The good postural stability of the shooters apparently results from assiduous training aimed to improve postural stability.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276141

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Treatment of pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats with etretinate or retinoic acid on pregnancy days 8.5–9.0 resulted in craniofacial defects in all embryos. A morphological investigation of the malformations occurring in the nasal region is described. The external nose was deformed with a depressed nasal bridge and pronounced hump. Fusion between nasal processes was defective, resulting in fistulas and clefts. The nasal septal cartilage was reduced in size, the paranasal cartilage was missing, the parietothecal cartilage was deformed and the paraseptal cartilage was dislocated. Aberrant vessels were seen on the external nose in combination with underdevelopment of the vibrissae. The distance between the outer nasal pores was reduced after administration of retinoid

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276142

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The Caldwell-Luc operation was performed on 38 patients with and without the counteropening at the inferior meatus in order to investigate whether the opening is necessary or not. The blood loss with the opening was 108 g more on average than that on the side without it. The operation time was 11 min longer in the group with a counteropening. The differences in these two items were statistically significant. The difference in cheek swelling with both methods was not statistically significant. Postoperative conditions followed up to over 2 years showed no significant differences on both sides. The establishment of the counterdrainage at the inferior meatus is not necessary considering operation time, blood loss, possibility of nasolacrimal duct injury and early postoperative conditions.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276143

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276144

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Recently, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has gained increasing attention as a potential causative agent of Sjögren’s syndrome, which is an autoimmune disorder characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of salivary and lacrimal glands. To determine the association between Sjögren’s syndrome and EBV, we re-evaluated the salivary gland biopsies from patients previously diagnosed to have Sjögren’s syndrome. Altogether, 20 cases of Sjögren’s syndrome were reviewed from the files of the University Central Hospital since 1975. After re-evaluation of these biopsies, however, 11 patients did not fulfil the current criteria of Sjögren’s syndrome, but were diagnosed as having chronic sialadenitis. All biopsies were processed for in situ hybridization (ISH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect EBV DNA. With ISH, all samples were negative for EBV DNA. With PCR, however, 9 biopsies proved to be positive for EBV. 3 additional positive cases were found when the amplification product was dot-blotted and hybridized with EBV DNA probe. 10 of the EBV-positive salivary gland biopsies showed the histological features of chronic sialadenitis and only 2 cases were classified as having Sjögren’s syndrome. On the basis of the present results, the association between EBV and Sjögren’s syndr

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276145

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The present study was undertaken to determinate whether immunosuppression, induced by perioperative allogenic whole-blood transfusions (AWBTs), adversely affects prognosis after total resection of laryngeal cancer by promoting the appearance of recurrences. We studied 62 patients, aged 37–82 years with TNM stage III and IV (UICC, 1987) laryngeal cancer treated between 1977 and 1983. AWBTs were administered to 30/62 patients perioperatively. All patients were followed up for 4 years. After 4 years we found the following disease-free survival indexes: transfused, 12/30 (40%); nontransfused, 22/32 (70%; p < 0.05). On the base of these dates, we conclude that AWBTs exert a significant influence on early recurrence and on survival in patients with laryngeal cance

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276146

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger