摘要:

A specialized institute has unique problems relating to its responsibility for teaching, research and clinical care. In the 40 years of its existence it has played a considerable role in the development of the specialty in the United Kingdom, advancing knowledge in all fields – particularly head and neck oncology and audiological medicine. The threat to its associated specialist hospital and to its own future because of severe cuts may result in far-reaching decisions regarding its future rol

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275973

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This paper describes, on the basis of animal experiments, that Carhart’s notch is caused either by ossicular-chain defects or by stapedial mass-loading. Thus, not all bone conduction impairments are an indication of sensorineural hearing losses, i.e., inner-ear defect

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275974

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Calorization of the vertical semicircular canals in pigeons was performed by irrigation of water through a polyethylene cannula, that was attached at a selected site to the bony wall of the anterior or posterior canal of the labyrinth. The temperature differences between the stimulated site and the corresponding location inside the contralateral mastoid were detected by two thermistors. (a) Calorization of an anterior or posterior canal evoked a dissociated vertical nystagmus in both eyes, (b) The direction of the nystagmus and of the vertical slow phase velocity proved to be temperature-dependent, (c) The vertical eye movements disappeared when the stimulated canal was placed horizontally during calorization. (d) During parabolic flight the vertical and horizontal eye movements, elicited by sustained calorization, disappeared during short periods of microgravity and proved to be dependent to the g load, (e) All vertical canal calorizations evoked eye movements in the plane parallel to the stimulated canal. Left and right eye moved in opposite vertical directions, depending on the selected site of calorization on the vertical canal, (f) The same mode (warm or cold) of calorization of an anterior canal provoked similar vertical movements of both eyes as compared to the vertical eye movements that were induced by calorization of the contralateral posterior canal. The results are discussed in view of the ‘convection current’ and the ‘expansion/contraction’ theory and they are compared to previously reported results of vestibular nerve stim

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275975

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In a previous study in growing rabbits it was demonstrated that after resection of a ventral part of the cricoid the lumen of the subglottic airway developed normal size during further growth up to the adult stage. Histologic investigations of these cases suggest that a subepithelial network of elastic fibres, ventrally suspended to the thyroid and the tracheal rings, ensures the airway lumen and prevents the development of a subglottic stenosis. Resection of a ventral part of the cricoid including the adjacent soft tissue lining of the airway causes an irreversible loss of the supporting elastic layer and the formation of scar tissue resulting in a stenosis. It was concluded that the larynx and trachea can be considered as an inner, elastic tube (= conus elasticus) lined with epithelium, suspended to an outer, segmented cartilaginous tube. At the level of the subglottis an intact conus elasticus is of more importance for the normal development of the airway lumen in young rabbits than an intact ventral half of the cricoid ring.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275976

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Morphometric analyses of the cross-sectional areas were performed on spiral ganglion and vestibular ganglion cells in the CBA/CBA mouse from the 16th gestational day up to the age of 1 month. Vestibular ganglion cells undergo a period of rapid growth between the 4th and 12th postnatal day. Spiral ganglion cells revealed a rapid increase in cross-sectional area during the latter part of the 2nd postnatal week. Increases in cell volume could not be correlated to changes in individual morphological or electrophysiological events, but probably reflect adaptation to function. In 1-month-old animals, the cross-sectional area of both vestibular and spiral ganglion cells had decreased as compared with the 2nd postnatal week.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275977

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The organization and the otologic research in the Otorhinolaryngology Department of the University of Helsinki are described. The department has 4 surgical wards, each with 22 beds, and a new surgical wing with 6 full-sized operating rooms. The ear research is centered on middle ear histopathology and immunology, focusing especially on secretory and chronic otitis media. There is an audiological and vestibular unit, the latter is expanding rapidly. Acoustic neuroma surgery is performed as team work with a neurosurgeon. The department takes part in a cochlear implant and Audiant prosthesis program.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275978

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The present experiments were made in man with the aim of studying the possible influences of different head-body tilts on the activity of the interneurons la, lb and the Renshaw cells functionally coupled to the soleus α-motoneurons. Subjects were seated on a chair, rotable with respect to the vertical axis, and were studied at 80° and 40° to the horizontal. The excitability of the soleus α-motoneurons slightly decreased when the body was placed at 40° of backward inclination whereas the Renshaw cell activity showed a reinforcement of inhibition on the same motoneurons. The reciprocal inhibition from the anterior tibial to the soleus muscle increased at 40° of backward inclination with respect to the control values at 80°. Finally, short-latency homonymous facilitation and inhibition showed no significant change in relation to body position. The results indicate that different head-body positions are able to modify the bias of spinal interneurons in man. We discuss the hypothetical role of the vestibular system in producing the effect

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275979

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275980

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275981

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger