ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276215

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276216

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The authors discuss the terminology and classification of all neuroendocrine neoplasms of the larynx. After a review of the relevant literature, they suggest adopting the nomenclature recently recommended by the World Health Organization: carcinoid tumor, atypical carcinoid tumor, small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and paraganglioma. This terminology is easy to apply, clinically meaningful and biologically sound. Carcinoid tumor, atypical carcinoid tumor and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma are of epithelial origin whereas paraganglioma is of neural type. The authors emphasize that it is inadequate to make a diagnosis of ‘neuroendocrine tumor or carcinoma’, without its proper qualificat

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276217

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Typical carcinoid neoplasms of the larynx are extremely rare tumors. The total number of known and documented cases is likely no more than 13. The neoplasm mainly affects males at an average age of 58 years and appears grossly as a polypoid or sessile submucosal nodule with an average 1.8 cm in size. Their predominant location is the supraglottis with the arytenoid and the aryepiglottic fold being the most frequent sites. Histologically, they are characterized by organoid architecture, uniform cellular features and lack of pleomorphism, necrosis and mitosis. Typical laryngeal carcinoids are less aggressive than their atypical counterparts but late distant metastasis and death may occur. The management of these neoplasms is conservative surgery.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276218

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

To better characterize the clinical and pathological features of the laryngeal atypical carcinoid (LAC), 127 of the published cases were analyzed. The LAC had a predilection for males (3 m:1 f), with a peak incidence in the 6th and 7th decades of life. Seventy-eight percent of patients with a relevant clinical history were smokers. Most tumors presented in the supraglottic larynx (96%) and the mean size of the measured primary lesions was 1.6 cm. The tumors were frequently argyrophil (97% of those so stained), rarely argentaffin (2 cases), and on immunohisto-chemistry were often reactive when stained for keratins (96%), chromogranin A (94%), and calcitonin (80%). Surgical resection was the principal modality of treatment. Of the 127 cases, metastasis to neck nodes were found in 43%, to skin or subcutaneous sites in 22%, and to distant sites in 44%. Of the 119 patients with follow-up, 49% died with tumor. The cumulative proportion surviving was 48% at 5 years and 30% at 10 years, and there were significantly worse survival rates among patients with tumors larger than 1 cm, and for patients developing tumor involvement of skin and subcutaneous tissues. Adjuvant radiation did not affect survival rates.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276219

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is an unusual laryngeal carcinoma accounting for slightly less than 0.5% of carcinomas. To date, approximately 125 cases have been reported. These tumors most often present in the 6th and 7th decades in men who are heavy cigarette smokers. Patients usually complain of hoarseness and almost 50% present with cervical lymph node metastases. These tumors are biologically aggressive with at least 73% of patients dying with widespread tumor metastases. Two- and 5-year survivals are 16 and 5 %, respectively. Combined radiation and chemotherapy offer the best hope of survival.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276220

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The clinicopathologic features of two cases of paragangliomas of the larynx are presented along with immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and DNA image analysis. The world literature is also critically reviewed in order to develop a more accurate clinicopathologic profile of the tumor. The results indicate that paragangliomas of the larynx occur in patients averaging 47 years of age and are 3 times more common in women. Most (82%) arise from the supraglottic larynx and manifest clinically as hoarseness. They are typically benign and rarely functional. Almost all alleged malignant paragangliomas of the larynx are in reality atypical carcinoids that have been misdiag-nosed. Features that distinguish paragangliomas from other similar tumors are discussed.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276221

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This chapter illustrates the use of mono- and polyclonal antibodies as diagnostic tools for neuroendocrine neoplasms of the larynx on the basis of data from the literature and the authors’ personal experience. It is suggested that a panel of antibodies should be adopted, rather than to rely on the specificity and sensitivity of a single marker. It is also emphasized that immunohistochemical methods should serve not as a substitute but as a useful adjuvant in evaluating the morphological criteria of these neoplasm

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276222

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Seventeen neuroendocrine neoplasms of the larynx were examined for DNA ploidy. Twelve tumours were atypical carcinoids, four paragangliomas and one a small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Seven atypical carcinoids were aneuploid, one diploid and one tetraploid, with metastasis being aneuploid. In three cases only skin metastases were available for study, which were aneuploid. The small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma was aneuploid. Two of the paragangliomas were aneuploid and two diploid. Like other sites, neuroendocrine neoplasms of the larynx have a high rate of aneuploidy. Determination of DNA ploidy did not provide useful diagnostic or prognostic information.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276223

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The neurological complications of carcinoid tumors, small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and paraganglioma include metastatic and paraneoplastic manifestations.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276224

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger