摘要:

The ultrastructure of glycocalyx and ciliary interconnections of the human vestibular end organs was investigated in a three-dimensional way by using scanning electron microscopy. The plasma membrane showed a rather rough appearance, which was most prominent in the ciliary membrane of sensory cells. Ciliary interconnections emerged from the plasma membrane and tightly connected neighbouring cilia. The tip links stretched from the tips of the stereocilia to their taller neighbours. These tip links were arranged in the direction of the kinocilium. These findings indicate that the ciliary interconnections may keep the cilia arranged in a bundle and the tip links may be involved in the sensory cell transduction system.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276123

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In an immunohistochemical study, monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies have been used to identify cells and structures in the extraosseous part of endolymphatic sacs (ES) which were removed at autopsy from 30 persons. Intraluminal, intraepithelial, intravascular and perisaccular cells expressed the leukocyte common antigen. Immunostaining with antibodies against the CD4 and CD8 antigens revealed the predominance of CD4-positive T lymphocytes in the ES. A few lympoid cells were found to express the major histocompatibility antigen class II. Interdigitating cells of the Langerhans type were rarely found in the epithelial layer. B lymphocytes were present in the lumen and the stroma of the ES and IgA-or IgG-containing cells in the stroma only. IgA, secretory component and the J chain were detected within epithelial cells and in the lumen of the ES. Macrophages were observed in the lumen and the stroma. Our findings are in accordance with previously published data in animals and man and give further evidence of an important role of the ES in inner ear immune defence.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276124

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In order to investigate the clinical factors relating to positive glycerol tests, 51 patients with Ménière’s disease were subjected to a complete battery of audiometric examinations, including the short increment sensitivity index, Bekesy, alternate binaural loudness balance, speech discrimination and pure-tone audiometry tests, both before and after glycerol ingestion. The correlation between positive glycerol tests and vestibular response, co-chlear symptoms, age at onset and disease duration was investigated. High ratios of positive tests were obtained in the following categories of patients with Ménière’s disease: elderly patients with vertiginous attacks; patients with high-level hearing loss; nystagmus patients, and patients with fluctuating heari

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276125

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A study was made of the clinical and audiological characteristics of tonal and noise tinnitus through a correlation of detailed patient interviews, comprehensive neurootological examination results, and clinical data on tinnitus type, frequency, loudness and bandwidth obtained with our newly developed tinnitus-measuring device. Of the 205 cases studied, 61% had noise tinnitus and 39% had tonal tinnitus. Higher incidences of noise tinnitus were discovered in patients aged over 50 years as well as in those with longer tinnitus histories and higher-level hearing losses; noise bandwidths in these patients also tended to be larger. Our data indicated that cases with noise tinnitus, especially those with wider band-widths, tended to be associated with wide-range cochlear damage.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276126

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Serum levels of C4-containing circulating immune complexes in 48 patients with Bell’s palsy were studied by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using chicken antibodies. We have previously reported elevated levels of Clq- and C3-containing immune complexes when compared to the serum of 42 healthy persons. We now found the levels of C4-containing immune complexes in these sera to be slightly decreased, but these patients’ sera had a slightly increased ability to activate and bind C4 to a model immune complex. The results indicate that the fairly low levels of C4-containing immune complexes were not due to a defect in C4 activation but point to a rapid modification of C4 in the immune complex in vivo or low binding of C4 to the immune complexes. This study also shows that it is preferable to use assays that detect Clq- and C3-containing immune complexes when analyzing sera from patients with Bell’s

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276127

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The purpose of this investigation was to find an effetive method for topical lidocaine anaesthesia of the tympanic membrane for minor therapeutical procedures. Twelve subjects with healthy ears were tested in a randomized double-blind crossover trial. Xylocaine® (lidocaine) aerosol 10%, lidocaine 4%, and lidocaine hydrochloride 5% were tested against placebo. Xylocaine aerosol was sprayed into a small container, shaken, and tempered. This made the application painless. The eardrum was stimulated by a point of a needle effective 25 min after application (p = 0.008 and p < 0.05, respectively). Lidocaine hydrochloride showed no effect. No side effects were observed. The effectiveness seems to be dependent on the ionization of the drug, since the two effective drugs lidocaine and Xylocaine are un-ionized, whereas the ineffective lidocaine hydrochloride is ionized

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276128

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A chemical analysis of phospholipids in rabbit Eustachian tube and in its lavages shows phosphatidylcholine (PC) as being the predominating compound, followed by sphingomyelin and phosphatidylethanolamine. As in the lung surfactant, the majority of tubal PC is represented by its disaturated form dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), known as a powerful surface-active agent. The concentration of PC and DPPC is higher in tubal washing than in the whole tissue, suggesting the existence of an active secretory process. Incubation of tubal mucosa with 14C-choline resulted in the biosynthesis of radiolabelled PC and DPPC at a ratio similar to the lung. These data provide further evidence for the existence of a surface-active agent in the Eustachian tube, chemically similar to the lung surfactant and probably produced through similar metabolic pathways.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276129

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276130

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of elevation of the perichondrium of the nasal septum, whether or not followed by resection of the cartilage, was histologically studied in young rabbits. The perichondrium has proved to be a highly reactive tissue. The degree of reaction varied from a transient oedema to the production of large quantities of cells, differentiating into new cartilage. The type of reaction appeared to depend on the conditions at the inner surface of the elevated perichondrium. The new cartilage differs from the original septal cartilage in morphology and growth potential. The data described above can contribute to the interpretation of previous observations in children.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276131

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The survival rate for all patients with a squamous cell carcinoma of the paranasal sinuses (n = 77) diagnosed in 1960–1985 in a population of approximately 1 million inhabitants was analysed without any selection of cases. This population is geographically restricted to the most northern part of Sweden. The 5-year survival rates of patients with T3 and T4 carcinomas were 42 and 14%, respectively (corrected survival), and the 10-year survival rates were 40 and 14%, respectively. In patients with tumours which initially were considered as resectable, the optimal treatment modality was a combination of radiotherapy and surger

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276132

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger