摘要:

Carcinoid neoplasms, although rare, have to be considered in the differential diagnosis of neoplasms of the larynx. The total number of cases reviewed and listed in the present article is 47. The gross appearance of carcinoid tumours is not characteristic and does not differ from that of other malignant neoplasms of the larynx. Under the light microscope various types can be distinguished, which are described and illustrated in this review article. Available material of five previously published cases and of one new case have been re-examined under the electron microscope and by modern histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. The ultrastructural presence of neurosecretory granules and of argyrophilia by the Grimelius technique were uniformly positive, together with monoclonal antibodies for somatostatin and keratin. These special methods offer a reliable basis for the diagnosis of neuroendocrine neoplasms to which carcinoid tumours belong. The treatment of carcinoid neoplasms of the larynx is surgical

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275982

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The present report shows that the simultaneous application of two biological response modifiers (recombinant human γ-interferon plus recombinant human α-tumor necrosis factor) has a lethal effect on living laryngeal and salivary gland carcinomas. A cytostatic or cytotoxic effect of the two substances alone could only be observed in occasional cases. The results suggest a synergistic action of γ-interferon and α-tumor necrosis factor that might be of therapeutic value for head and neck carcinomas in the fut

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275983

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We have developed a noninvasive technique for extratympanic stimulation of the auditory nerve. 119 ears of 76 subjects with either normal, residual or no hearing were tested. 73 % of the subjects with experience of hearing reported definite auditory sensations. Subjects with no certain experience of hearing could not describe accurately the nature of their sensations. Electrical stimulation of normal ears failed to elicit auditory sensations. These results compare well with those of promontory stimulation in cochlear implant candidates.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275984

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

With light and electron microscopy, γ-aminobutyric-acid (GABA)-like immunoreactivity was examined in the guinea pig organ of Corti. In whole-mount preparations, although GABA-like immunoreactivity was present within efferent components in all turns of the cochlea, it was more intense apically. At the ultrastructural level, GABA-like immunoreactivity was clearly restricted to the efferent system, appearing in axons of the inner and tunnel spiral bundles, in axons crossing the tunnel of Corti, and in terminals filled with numerous labeled vesicles synapsing on outer hair cells

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275985

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Carbonic anhydrase was detected histochemically in the guinea pig endolymphatic sac. The enzyme reaction was positive in both light and dark epithelial cells. In the former, the reaction product was found in the cytoplasm, especially around the intracytoplasmic vesicles and vacuoles. Reaction product was found in the basolateral infoldings as well. The dark epithelial cells also displayed carbonic anhydrase activity in the cytoplasm as well as in the lysosome-like bodies. It is suggested that this enzyme may be involved in (1) ionic or fluid regulation of the endolymph, (2) otoconia metabolism, and (3) phagocytotic activities.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275986

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Substance P- and neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity was demonstrated by immunohistochemical methods in mucosal specimens from the middle ear cleft of the guinea pig and rat. Substance P-like immunoreactivity was seen in corresponding specimens of the rabbit. Substance P-like immunoreactivity was also demonstrated in the tympanic nerve of various animal species and man. These specimens also showed weak immunoreactivity for bombesin. The findings suggest the presence of substance P in the tympanic nerve. Theoretically substance P may act in the middle ear cleft mucosa in several ways. One possibility is its putative role in the neurochemical control of the middle ear aeration. Another hypothetical possibility is a role in the neurogenic inflammation after noxious stimulation of the middle ear mucosa.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275987

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The monoclonal antibody Ki-67 is directed against a human nuclear antigen occurring in proliferating cells. As a rule it is absent in quiescent cells. Seven cases of squamous cell carcinomas with different pathohistological features are investigated by immunostaining. The antibody Ki-67 is suitable for use as a marker for proliferative compartments of head and neck tumors. Squamous cell carcinomas show a correlation between Ki-67 labeling index and histological differentiation. In highly differentiated parts of the carcinomas, an additional granular immunostaining in the entire cytoplasm of some squamous epithelial cells was observed.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275988

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Rats eat kaolin after treatment with poisons or rotation. Thus, eating of nonnutritive substances such as kaolin, so-called pica, is an illness-response behavior of rats analogous to vomiting in humans. For use of rotation-induced pica as a behavioral index of motion sickness in rats we examined what kind of rotation was effective for inducing pica in rats and whether the vestibular apparatus was necessary for its induction. Rats ate much kaolin after double rotation with continuously changing centrifugal and angular accelerations, but little after single rotation with no accelerative changes. However, even double rotation failed to induce pica in bilaterally labyrinthectomized rats. Thus, rotation-induced pica in rats was induced in the same way as motion sickness in humans, suggesting that it resulted from motion sickness in rats. We conclude that pica can be used as a behavioral index of motion sickness in rats.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275989

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Nutritional assessment is an important part of the oncologic management of the cancer patient. Although it may be easy to identify weight loss, the criteria for negative energy balance are difficult to display in an ordinary clinical setting. In the present study we assessed the nutritional status and calculated the energy balance in 10 randomly selected cancer patients who were hospitalized at our ENT department. Loss > 10 % of habitual weight was apparent in 5 patients, while only 2 of these had subnormal serum albumin levels. Another 1 of these patients with weight loss demonstrated reduced arm muscle circumference. Weight index, total body potassium and other anthropometric data did not significantly correlate with weight loss. Although supplementary nutrition was administered to most patients during hospitalization, only 4 patients were in positive energy balance as calculated from food tables. Only 2 out of 5 patients with a history of weight loss were in a positive energy balance. A questionnaire disclosed that insufficient considerations for the patients’ food availability were shown. We conclude that malnutrition is a common and often an occult phenomenon in hospitalized patients. This may have an unfavorable influence on oncologic treatment and clinical outcom

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275990

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275991

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger