摘要:

The capillary permeability and the basolateral endocytic pathway of the mouse endolymphatic sac (ES) epithelium were examined in vivo using intravenous injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The capillaries of the ES were classified as either fenestrated or non-fenestrated. Because dense reaction products were observed soon after injection of HRP in macrophages near both types of capillaries, they were both considered to be permeable to macromolecules. In non-fenestrated capillaries, the basement membrane and small vesicles of the endothelium of the ES were stained with reaction product. These non-fenestrated capillaries were considered to be of muscle type. After 15 min, ES epithelial cells absorbed HRP basolaterally, and the multivesicular bodies and lysosomes of epithelial cells were stained with reaction product. The process of basolateral absorption in the ES epithelium was similar to that in the intestinal epithelium. Our results provide further evidence that the ES is a metabolically active organ which plays an important role in fluid transport in the inner ear.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276239

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Blood flow measurements were carried out on 18 coloured guinea pigs (8 animals served as control group) before and during definite sound exposure (12 kHz, 110 dB SPL). The exposure time amounted to 60 min. The anaesthesia was carried out according to the following schedule: a mixture consisting of 70 mg α-chloralose/kg b.w. and 400 mg urethane/kg b.w. was injected intraperitoneally. The relaxation was performed by means of i.p. application of 3 mg Tricuran/kg b.w./h. The hydrogen clearance measurements (HCM) were carried out under artificial respiration with control of arterial pH, endexpiratory CO2 content, as well as blood pressure and body temperature. After a duration of noise exposure of 30–45 min the cochlear blood flow reached an average level of 80% of the initial point. This level remained mainly unchanged until the end of noise exposure (60 min). Our HMC’s confirm Laser Doppler flowmetry find

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276240

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Growing rats were exposed to noise and/or tinnitus-producing drugs (sodium salicylate, quinine, gentamycin). Growth inhibition or weight loss was absent or significantly lower in the noise-only and salicylate-only/ quinine-only groups than in the groups exposed to both noise and drugs. In the gentamycin groups, initially the same trend was found, but general toxicity soon prevailed, leading to heavy weight losses in both groups. The findings clearly favor the hypothesis that tinnitus-induced stress may be the cause for this effect. The experimental set-up thus could serve as an animal model for tinnitus research. In humans, high doses of salicylate or quinine should be avoided in persons exposed to elevated noise levels.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276241

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Only a few studies have investigated vestibular function in diabetes mellitus (DM), showing contradictory results. We have performed an electronystagmographic (ENG) evaluation of 46 individuals with type I DM and 37 healthy controls. No patient reported subjective vestibular symptoms. Duration of caloric-induced nystagmus (DN) was significantly lower (2.1 ± 0.7 vs. 2.6 ± 0.4 min, p < 0.01), and central nystagmus frequency of caloric response also nonsignificantly tended to be decreased (37.4 ± 16.5 vs. 41.7 ± 12.7 beats/30 s, p = 0.21) in DM patients, as compared to controls. The latter comparison achieved significance after exclusion of newly diagnosed diabetic patients (33.4 ± 16.1 vs. 41.6 ± 12.7 beats/s, p < 0.05). Depressed caloric reactions were seen in 21.8% of patients. DN was lower in patients with microalbuminuria and retinopathy, but this was not observed after exclusion of newly diagnosed diabetic patients, all of whom had normal ENG responses and no chronic diabetic complications. The existence of a lower DN and central nystagmus frequency should be borne in mind when interpreting ENG tracings in patients with long duration type I diabetes mel

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276242

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Children with adenoid hyperplasia and secretory otitis media show significantly lower immunoglobulin A (sIgA) concentrations in their saliva compared to matched controls. Salivary albumin and cortisol levels do not differ in both groups. Changes in local immunity, dilution or stress as possible factors for the reduction of sIgA concentrations are discussed.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276243

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Type V tympanoplasty with fenestration of the oval window and protection of the round window in a residual hypotympanic cavity can be considered as the last-chance procedure for rehabilitation of hearing in ears with ‘canal wall down’ or other conditions. The review of 64 cases suggests that restoration of hearing can be adequate in the majority of ca

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276244

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Twenty-four patients underwent reconstruction of the lower anterior part of the oral cavity with a total of 29 nasolabial skinflaps, following ablative surgery for squamous cell carcinoma. Partial necrosis due to biting occurred in one flap. The rest healed without complications. Cosmetic impairment was minimal and postoperative functional problems were related to the extent of the primary resection rather than the flap. The nasolabial flap has proved to be a very safe and useful alternative for reconstruction of relatively small defects in the lower anterior part of the oral cavity.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276245

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Interdigitating cells (IDCs) have been found in the peritumoral infiltrate of 18 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. These cells have a dendritic shape and are characterized by the expression of S-100 protein and CD la antigens. By electron microscopy, these cells are seen to establish intimate contacts with the apposed lymphocytes, which sometimes show signs of functional activation and proliferation. These findings indicate that IDCs may play a role in setting up a T-cell immune reaction against neoplastic cells, which may influence the biological behaviour and/or local growth of the tumour. Moreover, monocytes and cells with intermediate features between monocytes and IDCs are also found in the peritumoral infiltrate, thus suggesting that IDCs differentiate in situ from monocytic precursors, possibly under the influence of either tumour-derived factors or the local lymphoid microenvironment.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276246

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system (Hitachi, Naka, Japan) with a superconductive magnet running at 2.11 T was used to obtain 2-mm-thick slices of fixed, decalcified and celloidin-embedded human temporal bone. The temporal bone was then sectioned and stained for routine histological evaluation. Both the MR images and the histological sections were in the mid-modiolar slice plane, and comparable images and sections were analyzed to confirm the identity of the inner-ear structures visualized on the MR images. The cochlear duct, scala tympani, scala vestibuli and basement membrane of all three cochlear turns were clearly imaged on MRI. In addition, the vestibule and three semicircular ducts were also clearly seen. This study raises the possibility of some day using MRI for the diagnosis of inner-ear diseases.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276247

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A transient pontine lesion was demonstrated in a young adult male who had a complete acute peripheral facial nerve palsy due probably to multiple sclerosis. In the acute stage of the palsy, T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a high signal intensity in the ipsilateral pons in the region of the nucleus and pontine part of the facial nerve. The patient recovered completely 5 weeks after the onset of the palsy, and at this stage, the lesion in the brainstem was no longer demonstrable on MRI. The onset and course of the disease resembled the idiopathic form of facial palsy (Bell’s palsy): the present findings along with recent MRI and topodiagnostic studies may indicate that in some cases of Bell’s palsy the primary lesion is located centrally. By improved MRI techniques and intravenous contrast agents it may be possible to visualize and follow the disease process and ascertain more of the pathogenesis of Bell’s

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276248

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger