摘要:

The function of the Eustachian tube under atmospheric pressure, on the grounds of our studies, is discussed as follows: (1) Criteria of natural valvular function of the auditory tube under a normal pressure environment. (2) Opening action of the Eustachian tube and mode of swallowing movement in comparison with soft palate movement. (3) High pressure environment and (opening action of) Eustachian tube. (4) Children undergoing tubing and their Eustachian tube function. (5) Ventilatory function of the Eustachian tube under normal pressure conditions. (6) Factors influencing changes in pressure in the tympanic cavity.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276003

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276004

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The relation between the onset of chronic middle ear inflmmation and the degree of pneumatization was investigated in porcine tympanic bullae, which closely resemble the human mastoid air cell system. Pneumatization was inhibited in all inflamed ears, and the later the induction of otitis media, the lesser the degree of inhibition of pneumatization. It was concluded that chronic middle ear inflammation inhibits the development of the middle ear air cell system, and the time of onset plays an important role in the degree of pneumatization.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276005

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Two patients with acoustic trauma resulting from the use of telephones have been evaluated. Both patients used a particular type of telephone which had the ringing device located in the ear receiver and no automatic gain control in the circuit. The output of the bell recorded on one of these telephones was in the 139-dB range on the A scale. The auditory insult resulted, in the case involving a cord-type telephone, from the transmission of a loud, extraneous sound probably due to a misfunction of the circuit and, in the second case, from the patient holding his cordless telephone against his ear when ringing occurred.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276006

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The response of the vestibulo-ocular reflex to constant angular acceleration was investigated in healthy subjects using various stimulus amplitudes and stimulus durations. For stimulus amplitudes of 1.06 and 2.13°/s2 the peracceleratory response maximum at 43 s was always followed by a decline in response. This decay was less pronounced for the longer stimulus duration suggesting a nonreturn to the zero baseline. From a comparison with the theoretical model it can be deduced that the gain of the adaptation mechanism is less than unity

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276007

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Pica, the eating of nonnutritive substances such as kaolin, can be induced by rotation in rats. We used this rotation-induced pica as a behavioral index of motion sickness in rats and examined whether diphenhydramine, methamphetamine and scopolamine, which are anti-motion sickness drugs for humans, are effective for reducing motion sickness in rats. Intraperitoneal injection of diphenhydramine or methamphetamine suppressed the rotation-induced kaolin intake of rats. Intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine had no effect on the rotation-induced kaolin intake, but its transdermal administration reduced this kaolin intake. These findings show that human antimotion sickness drugs also prevent motion sickness in rats. Since the pharmacological mechanisms for preventing motion sickness in rats and humans are similar, we conclude that rats are a suitable animal model for use in studies on putative anti-motion sickness drugs.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276008

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

To evaluate whether hypofunction of the sympathetic nervous system induced by long-term reserpine treatment affects the parasympathetic system in the nasal mucosa in the receptor level, a receptor binding assay was performed using the nasal mucosa of guinea pigs which had chemical denervation produced by intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 mg/body reserpine once daily for 4 weeks. The maximum number of muscarinic cholinergic receptor bindings to diquinuclidinyl benzilate (3H-QNB) in the nasal mucosa of the reserpine-treated guinea pigs was increased by 46% as compared with that in the control (p < 0.05). The present experiment shows that hypofunction of the sympathetic system in the nasal mucosa induced by reserpine may affect the parasympathetic system in the nasal mucosa.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276009

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In order to preoperatively estimate the width of the operating field during transsphenoidal hypophysectomy, we measured the distance between the right and left medial pterygoid plates in 27 normal adults and 11 patients with pituitary adenoma from anteroposterior tomograms. In normal subjects, the mean distance was about 3.2 cm. The distance in patients with acromegaly was not wider than that in normal subjects, but 1 case with giantism showed a much wider distance of 4.1 cm. The measurement of the actual operating field was 2.0 cm in width, about 1.0 cm narrower than the preperative tomogram calculations.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276010

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Experimental studies were performed on dogs for monitoring postoperative tracheostomy tube obstruction using a pulse oximeter. While a 25% obstruction of the cross-sectional area of the tube did not alter the oxygen saturation, obstruction of 40% and above resulted in a drop in the oxygen saturation level which corresponded to the degree of obstruction. The greater the degree of obstruction, the sooner was the fall of oxygen saturation. Therefore a pulse oximeter could be effectively put to use to monitor tracheostomy tube obstruction.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276011

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger