摘要:

A variety of experimental situations are described concerning optokinetic nystagmus and tracking movements of the eyes, which have shown that in certain circumstances the peripheral retina can exert a powerful influence upon the resultant response. The teleological significance of the findings is discussed in the context of the mechanisms subserving ocular-following movements.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275208

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In 1965, a strange illness, which afterwards was diagnosed as the intoxication caused by organic mercury compounds, began to affect the inhabitants of the riverside areas of the Aganogawa River, Niigata, Japan. The authors have investigated the neurotological disturbances, which occurred in 144 cases intoxicated with organic mercurials. The results obtained are summarized as follows: Recruitment (in SISI and other tests) was negative in all the cases except for 32 with inner ear deafness, and Békèsy’s audiometry (TTS) showed type II: unsettled wide amplitude in 17 cases and severe abnormal adaptation characterizing the type III pattern in nine cases. Spontaneous and positional nystagmus were recorded with ENG in 94 of 144 cases. In 62 of 144 cases, pathological findings of horizontal optokinetic nystagmus were recorded, and those of vertical optokinetic nystagmus were frequently observed in 81 of the 118 cases tested (69 %). Judging from the authors’ observations, neurotological disturbances due to chronic mercurial intoxication may be considered mainly as lesions of the retrocochlea and of the oculomotor system in the brain stem and the cereb

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275209

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Concerning the first description of the so-called tuning-fork test of Rinne the literature refers to a publication by him in 1855. In this work Rinne describes, among many other observations, a method to compare air and bone conduction hearing, and adds the remark that the technique could be used for the diagnosis of deafness. It appears, however, that long before Rinne, Polansky (1842) gave a complete account of the test and its practical use. Polansky’s description seems to have been forgotten. Rinne’s report, too, was lost for a long period until 25 years later when Lucae (1882) and Schwabach (1885) confirmed the usefulness of the test which – in spite of its earlier discovery by Polansky – has born Rinne’s name e

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275210

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In the third and last part of this study the development of the so-called tuning-fork tests of Schwabach and Bing is discussed. The attention is called to the work of Schmalz (1849), Lucae (1880) and Emerson (1884). These authors preceeded Schwabach (1885) in using and describing the test which became only generally accepted through Schwabach’s extensive study and since then bears his name. As to the so-called Bing or occlusion test, Bing’s (1891) work is reviewed and the attention is drawn to an early and apparently forgotten description of this test by Rinne (18

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275211

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

On the examination of 200 embryonal petrous bones the factors affecting the morphology of the tympanic sinus under physiological conditions are discussed. The development of the tympanic sinus begins during the fourth month of embryonic life. In an embryo of 5 months the floor of the tympanic sinus developing between the cochlea and the vestibulum consists of lamellae resembling a wicker basket. Caudally, its floor reaches at first the lower part of the tympanum, for at this stage the styloid prominence and the pavimentum pyramidis are not yet fully developed. In the eighth and ninth month of foetal life the tympanic sinus is narrowed by the styloid prominence, from the floor and from the cranial side it is bordered by the fully developed ponticulus medialis. In postnatal life the development of the membranous bony substance of the promontory, subiculum promontorii and styloid prominence, each narrows the tympanic sinus in some degree. Under the influence of vascular factors highly developed trabeculae and lamellae are formed in them. The cavity is deeper in the dolichocephalics and is more shallow in brachycephalics.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275212

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A wholly unselected material of 56 patients with malignant tumors in the nasopharynx is presented. The individual course of each patient is tabulated. On the basis of the given therapy, mainly radiotherapy, the poor long-term prognosis of these patients is discussed. Stress is laid on the important problem of palliation in the final stage.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275213

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

An unselected material of 177 patients with malignant tumours of the oral cavity is presented and classified according to the TNM system. A therapeutic classification based on the TNM system is proposed. The material is analyzed regarding the 5-year survival rate and the frequency of recurrences in different therapeutic groups.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275214

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Subacute thyroiditis is often unrecognized and patients may be treated for pharyngitis, laryngitis, otitis media or similar disorders connected with otolaryngology. It is conceivable that these patients may seek treatment in ENT departments. The difficulties encountered in making a correct diagnosis are illustrated here on the basis of 12 consecutive cases. Eight of these patients were initially misdiagnosed resulting in useless therapy. Sub acute thyroiditis is a self-limiting illness, and permanent myxoedema is rare. Nevertheless, one case with this sequela is reported.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275215

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275216

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger