摘要:

Abstract.The majorin situphysiological activities of the common, tropical, West Atlantic demospongeVerongia(=Aplysina) fistulariswere determined in order to relate the carbon and energy budgets of this species to the two contrasting patterns documented for bacteriosponges (sponges harbouring large symbiotic bacterial populations) and non‐bacteriosponges (sponges lacking such large bacterial populations and considered “normal” sponges). Measurements of specimen dimensions and exhalant water velocity, and samples of exhalant water were obtained from undisturbed field specimens for estimation of rates of water transport, respiration and particulate organic carbon retention. Partial carbon and energy budgets were developed from calculated rates of particulate feeding, respiration and growth. The bacteriosponge,V. fistularis, is very similar toVerongulasp., another bacteriosponge, in terms of high respiration rate, 5.33% of available oxygen being removed during a single‐pass water transit, and gross imbalance in particulate carbon and energy budgets, particulate sources supplying only 14% of respiration and growth requirements. The nutrient resource spectrum ofVerongia fistularisand other bacteriosponges appears to be overwhelmingly dominated by dissolved organic matter, and thus contrasts strikingly with the present knowledge of nutrition in the normal non‐bacter

ISSN:0173-9565    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0485.1981.tb00271.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The distribution ofIbla cumingiDARWIN on different types of hard substrata along 30 km of coast in the Gulf of Elat was studied.I. cumingiwas found among and underneathTetraclita squamosa rufotincta, in oyster beds, underneath slabs of beachrock, and in fissures in igneous rocks. In theTetraclitabelt,I. cumingiis most frequent in empty shells of deadTetraclitawhile in the oyster bed it is common inside the meshwork made by the oysters. The distribution is regarded as clustered distribution. The density and size of the clusters ofI. cumingiis determined by the available sheltered space within the midlittoral zone. The form of the habitat determines the shape of the animals. Those found in the oyster bed and fissures are usually longer than those found in theTetraclitabelt due to the depth of the fissures or to the bigger spaces within the oyster bed.I. cumingiis orientated so that the capitulum with the cirri is projecting towards the open water, and the water current. It is concluded thatI. cumingican withstand the physical stress encountered in a tropical intertidal zone, but that the distribution pattern is caused by predation.

ISSN:0173-9565    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0485.1981.tb00272.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.After a starvation period the predation rate in specimens ofOcinebrina edwardsiis less than in animals which feed normally. The closer the prey predator contact during the starvation period, the higher the level of predation when the snails are allowed to resume feeding. The reduction in predation after a long or short fast is obviously the result of changes in the structure and function of the ABO. In the secreting cells of normally fed animals the following enzymatic activities can be distinguished: acid and alkaline phosphatases, carbonic anhydrase and ATPase. Carbonic anhydrase and acid phosphatase activities are not present in starved individuals. Only after the animals have resumed feeding for 10 days does the ABO completely recover its enzymatic functions.

ISSN:0173-9565    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0485.1981.tb00273.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.New data on the planktonic diatoms from the Gulf of Naples are presented together with those from the literature. Information is given on abundances, seasonal cycles and distributions of 183 taxa, including species, varieties and forms.

ISSN:0173-9565    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0485.1981.tb00274.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A test of the niche width variation hypothesis was conducted in the three Mediterranean littoral species of the familyTrochidae: Monodonta turbinata, M. turbiformisandGibbula richardi.Allozymic variation encoded by 26 gene loci was analyzed, and the levels of polymorphism (P), heterozygosity (H) and allele diversity per locus (A) were estimated and appear to support the niche‐width variation hypothesis. The broad‐niche species,M. turbiformisandG. richardiare more polymorphic and heterozygous than the relatively narrow‐nicheM. turbinata(P = 0.571; 0.731 and 0.417; H = 0.108; 0.116 and 0.078; A = 2.025; 2.489 and 1.965, respecti

ISSN:0173-9565    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0485.1981.tb00275.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The results of a year long study in which soft‐bottom epibenthic invertebrates were collected by grab, dredge and beam‐trawl, along the southern Mediterranean coast of Israel, are described in this paper. The classificatory analysis used for both normal and inverse analyses used two measures of dissimilarity ‐ Canberra metric and Bray‐Curtis, and both group‐average and nearest‐neighbour clustering. The results were displayed as dendrograms. Four site groups and five species groups characterised a total of 58 site samples and 245 species. The prominent species in each of the five species groups are mentioned. The applicability of “community concepts” and the effects of sediment properties on community structur

ISSN:0173-9565    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0485.1981.tb00276.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Anaerobic metabolism in the central and marginal portions of the mantle ofMercenaria mercenariawas compared. Anaerobic succinate accumulation was more rapid in the central region. This difference may be due to higher phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity in the central region. Thus, the central region is more specialized for anaerobic metabolism and the marginal region more for net shell growth. The original rate of succinate accumulation in the mantle is similar in isolated mantles and intact clams, suggesting that mantle succinate production does not require translocation of precursors from other tissues. However, in intact clams, the rate of succinate accumulation in the central region of the mantle slows after four hours. The reduced rate is probably caused by reducing the metabolic rate. Succinate accumulation and shell dissolution are slower in freshly collected clams than in clams that had been stored anaerobically. The difference may be due to induction of PEPCK synthesis during storage. Shell derived calcium did not accumulate in the mantle and, therefore did not alter the intracellular calcium concentration in the mantle.

ISSN:0173-9565    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0485.1981.tb00277.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A computer assisted plotting program for combining statistics and distribution maps is described. The program sorts data according to a combination of 28 variables, plots the data in mercator map form, and provides numerical summaries of the data plotted. The program is especially useful in analyses of large data sets spread over large geographical areas. It can be used to test hypotheses in a wide variety of research fields. The utility of the program is demonstrated by an analysis of the dispersion of the Wandering AlbatrossDiomedea exulansat sea in relation to the incidence of wind strength in the Southern Ocean.

ISSN:0173-9565    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0485.1981.tb00278.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Kjerfoe, B. (Ed.): Estuarine Transport Processes. The Belle W. Baruch Library in Marine ScienceFioriani, Pio: Einführung in die Meereszoologie. Wissenschaftl. Buchgesell‐schaft DarmstadtStancyk, S. E. (Ed.): Reproductive Ecology of Marine Invertebrates. The Belle W. Baruch Library in Marine Science, Number 9Ridgway, S.H.&R.J.Harrison(Eds.): Handbook of Marine Mammals. Vol. 1: The Walrus, Sea Lions, Fur Seals and Sea OtterDame, R. F. (Ed.): Marsh ‐ Estuarine Systems Simulation. The Be

ISSN:0173-9565    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0485.1981.tb00279.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY