摘要:

Abstract.In rememberance of the death of CHARLES DARWIN 100 years ago, a review is given on his coral reef research from the point of view of present knowledge. Although during DARWIN'S time no one was aware of the changing level of the glacial sea or of the important function of the symbiotic zooxanthellae in the life of hermatypic corals, his observations and considerations on the ecology of corals and on the formation of coral reefs are relevant to this day. But of course his ideas need new causal interpretations. The origin of the different reef types can no longer be explained by subsidence alone, but by different modes biologists and geologists described during the following century. To summarize all the many existing theories, the all enclosing “theory of compensation” is put forward here in honour of this great

ISSN:0173-9565    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0485.1982.tb00108.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.In the Oslofjord two species of the amphipod genusChaetogammarus, C. marinus(LEACH, 1815) andC. stoerensis(REID, 1938) were found to be annual species with similar life cycles. No differences in life cycle traits were found between twoC. stoerensispopulations where one occupied a freshwater influenced beach and the other a fully marine beach. The breeding period of both species was short and lasted from April to the end of May or early June. Frost prohibited embryonic development in the first part of April so few juveniles were released before the middle of May. In late May and early June all specimens which survived the winter died. The sex ratio was skewed in favour of females, and females produce two to three broods during lifetime. Between 16 and 31 % of the newly laid eggs failed to complete their development. The life cycle of populations of the two species from other geographical areas are compared with the Oslofjord data.

ISSN:0173-9565    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0485.1982.tb00109.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Density of barnacle larvae in plankton and settlement on atoxic plane surfaces have been compared at one station of Genoa harbour over sixteen months.There were two periods of larval emission, during summer and autumn, with a slight one during winter. Barnacle settlement varied according to sea temperature, the amount of larvae and competition for the substratum.

ISSN:0173-9565    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0485.1982.tb00110.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Remineralization rates of monomeric carbohydrates are discussed as parameters enabling a description of the biodegradation of labile DOC‐compounds. The stoichiometric relation between oxygen consumption and glucose respiration results in an oxygen demand between 0.002 and 14 ng 021“1h”‘ during an annual cycle in Kiel Fjord (Western Baltic Sea). The comparison with BOD‐measurements showed the high significance of monomeric carbohydrates in this process. Thus, glucose may be regarded as a model for substances constituting an important part of the labile DOC‐pool which is mainly involved in the cycling of dissolved organic matter in the food web of pelagic microh

ISSN:0173-9565    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0485.1982.tb00111.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Microbial biomass production rates were determined in the brackish water of Kiel Fjord (Western Baltic Sea). The calculated rates are based on the actual uptake data of14C‐U‐labelled carbohydrates (ribose, glucose, fructose and galactose). The relation to data obtained from uptake ofHC‐labelled phytoplankton exudates is discussed.The average microbial biomass production varied from 0.018 to 5.81 μg C I1h‐1. This represents an average of 15%of the primary production over an annual cycle. A comparison with other data concerning microbial biomass production indicates that glucose may be used as a model to calculate fluxes of dissolved organic matter in this ecosystem. The amount of produced particulate matter by microheterotrophes is discussed with regard to higher trophi

ISSN:0173-9565    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0485.1982.tb00112.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The coral reefs at the U.S. Navy bombing range at eastern Vieques (Puerto Rico) were compared to very similar reefs at the U.S. Virgin Islands which are under no military impact. Over 10 km of 1 m‐interval point‐transects were recorded in the Viequen reefs, and over 6 km in the Virgin Islands. 14 categories of substrate (including military debris) were distinguished, as well as over 50 species of benthic plants and animals. Diseased and dead animals were assessed, and also coral breakage and military impact. In terms of health, the Viequen reefs (1 % diseased, 9 % dead animals) were found to be superior to those of the Virgin Islands (4 % diseased, 15 % dead), coral breakage was less in Vieques (13 %) than in the Virgin Islands (15 %), and sample points representing military impact were only 14 out of almost 5000 (= 0 %) in Vieques. Thus, no deterioration due to military activity could be detected in the eastern Viequen coral reefs. On the contrary, they seem to benefit from the complete absence of tourism in the area.ResumenEl extremo oriental de la isla de Vieques, cerca de Puerto Rico, es usado por las Fuerzas Navales Americanas (U.S. Navy) para practicas militares de bombar‐deo. En 1978, estas actividades militares fueron la causa de acusaciones de supuestos daños a los arrecifes coralinos del area. Por eso, la Florida Reef Foundation fué llamada a investigar los arrecifes de Vieques y compararlos con arrecifes semej antes de las Islas Virgenes. Mientras los arrecifes de Vieques oriental están bajo impacto militar, pero cerrados al publico, los arrecifes investigados en St. Thomas, Little St. James, y St. Croix estan abiertos al turismo, y los arrecifes de St. John y Buck Island son aun parques nacionales. Inventarios cuantitativos fueron hechos por medio de 15 km de transectos (con puntos en intervalos de lm), distinguiéndose 14 categrías diferentes de tipos de suelos, escombros coralinos, artefactos militares, y más que 50 especies de plantas, esponjas, corales corneos y petreos. Los datos obtenidos mostraron que impactos militares en los arrecifes de Vieques fueron negligibles comparados al dano natural causado por oleajes turbulentos. Los arrecifes del area militar ademés exhibieron condiciones ligeramente superiores en relatión con corales enfermos y/o muertos que los arrecifes investigados en las Islas Virgenes. Estos resultados indican que la protectión absoluta de los arrecifes de Vieques oriental más que compensa la destructión mi

ISSN:0173-9565    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0485.1982.tb00113.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0173-9565    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0485.1982.tb00114.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY