ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb05352.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb05353.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

For the past 31 years (1961–1992) Fini Schulsinger and I have been exploring the origins of schizophrenia. We have started a number of longitudinal projects that are still keeping us rather busy; after all, retirement just means more time for research. Through our students and these projects, our collaboration may never en

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb05354.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

During the last 3 decades, intensive cooperation between researchers in Denmark and the United States has provided important new insights into the genetic and environmental causes of mental disorders. This cooperative work has been centred around the Psykologisk Institut at Kommunehospitalet, Copenhagen, founded and directed by Fini Schulsinger, who has been the mediator of the very different kinds of research projects and who himself has also made important contributions to the understanding of nature‐nurture problems within psychiatr

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb05355.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article provides a historical account of the abuse of psychiatry for political purposes and the involvement of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) in this issue. The article focuses, particularly, on the developments from 1983 to 1989, which in many ways was crucial and determined the future of the WPA. The authors (the first, the President and the second, the Treasurer of the WPA during this period) pay tribute to Dr. Fini Schulsinger, who served as Secretary General. Through his eminent administrative capabilities, his profound understanding of ethical problems and his devotion to the basic principles of the WPA, he has substantially contributed to successfully overcoming a deep crisis with considerable impact on the identity and the moral foundations of the psychiatric profession.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb05356.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article examines the empirical evidence for a genetic influence in the etiology of antisocial behavior. This review relates the results of studies from 3 approaches to genetic investigation. The first, family studies, provides valuable information about the increased risk for deviance among the family members of affected individuals. Family studies provide few conclusions about genetic etiology, however, because members of families share environments as well as genes. A second approach, the study of twins, offers a somewhat better separation of genetic and environmental effects. The twin studies compare monozygotic (MZ) twins, who are genetically identical, to fraternal, same‐sex, dizygotic (DZ) twins who have no more genes in common than other siblings (50%). The research design assumes that the effect of hereditary factors is demonstrated if the MZ twins have more similar outcomes (concordance for deviance) than DZ twins. The twins are reared together in almost all studies, and the environmental influences for MZ pairs may be more similar than for DZ pairs. A third approach, the adoption study, largely overcomes the possibility of confounding genetic and environmental factors which limit inferences from the results of twin studies. In this method, the deviant outcomes of adopted children (separated early in life from their biological parents) are compared with the outcomes of their adoptive parents and their biological parents. Similarity in outcome between adoptees and biological parents indicates a genetic effec

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb05357.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The electronic part of the nationwide Danish Psychiatric Central Register is now almost 25 years old. In this period it has proved its high value in administration, planning, treatment of patients, and not least in psychiatric research. Due to its national coverage, the register makes it easy to conduct epidemiological studies, such as analysis of trends, register linkage research, identification of representative cohorts for further analysis and follow‐up studies of clinically identified cohorts. After many years of political turmoil, the register now seems to have assumed a more reasonable form, making allowance for both research interest and data protection. A proposed directive on the protection of medical data from the European Community may be a serious threat to the register and will probably eliminate all epidemiological and clinical research based on register

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb05358.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We describe the design, theoretical approach and major recent findings of a prospective longitudinal study of the offspring of schizophrenic mothers and controls, initiated in 1962 by Sarnoff Mednick and Fini Schulsinger in Copenhagen, Denmark. Over 90% of the original 207 high‐risk and 104 low‐risk subjects have been successfully followed up since the initial assessment. At the time of the most recent assessment (1989), the subjects averaged 42 years of age and were nearly completely through the risk period for developing schizophrenia. By relating the lifetime psychiatric diagnoses of the subjects back to information on their premorbid experiences and functioning, we have identified several precursors of schizophrenia. This paper reviews our recent findings concerning whether outcomes of schizophrenia that differ in the relative prominence of negative versus positive symptoms represent discrete longitudinal syndromes. Predominantly negative and predominantly positive symptom schizophrenia were found to follow different patterns of symptom development from adolescence through the adult course of illness and were predicted by different combinations of genetic and environmental influences. Taken together, the findings suggest that the pathological processes underlying these two forms of schizophrenia are 1) partly independent of each other, 2) at least partly active during the premorbid state and 3) to some degree stable in the adult course of illn

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb05359.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The nature‐nurture question in the etiology of alcoholism is discussed. The research results from twin and adoption studies indicate a considerable genetic (= biological) component in the etiology of alcoholism. A longitudinal high‐risk study of alcoholism is presented. The sons of alcoholic men and matched controls have been followed prospectively since before birth. The main results from previous phases of the study and a recent 30‐year follow‐up assessment are pr

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb05360.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The primary aim of the Prenatal Development Project (PDP) is to evaluate the developmental effects of prenatal exposure to steroid hormones and psychoactive drugs, particularly synthetic progestin, corticosteroids and barbiturates. Data collection has taken place at the Psykologisk Institut, now the Institute of Preventive Medicine, since 1981. The PDP database is unique for its breadth and depth as well as its combination of prospective longitudinal and cross‐sectional perspectives. This article describes the database, including subject selection, perinatal information, the comprehensive contemporary evaluation and archival information from Danish registers. The unique matching procedures designed specifically for these projects and data analytic strategies are explained. The value of the PDP database is discussed both in relation to specific project aims (evaluating effects of prenatal drug exposure) and in relation to developmental and psychological research in genera

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb05361.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY