ISSN:1155-5645    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-9592.1995.tb00233.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1155-5645    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-9592.1995.tb00234.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1155-5645    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-9592.1995.tb00235.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe safety and efficacy of oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC) as a preanaesthetic medication were evaluated in 42 children aged two to twelve years scheduled to undergo general anaesthesia for open cardiac surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either a placebo lozenge or a lozenge of 15–20 μg·kg−1) OTFC 45 min preoperatively and were managed in a double‐blinded manner. Heart rate, respiratory rate (RR), blood pressure, and digital pulse oximetry (Spo2) were monitored throughout the study. Scoring systems were utilized to evaluate sedation, anxiety, cooperation, and ease and quality of parental separation and anaesthetic induction. Adverse effects were noted. Preoperatively, sedation was observed in both groups, but children receiving OTFC had significantly less distress at time of separation from parents. Clinically significant decreases in RR andSpo2were observed more frequently in children in the OTFC group than in the placebo group. The authors conclude that, in paediatric cardiac surgical patients, OTFC induces preoperative sedation and facilitates separation of the patients from their parents, but is associated with decreases in respiratory rate andSpo2that may be of clinical imp

ISSN:1155-5645    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-9592.1995.tb00236.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1155-5645    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-9592.1995.tb00237.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryLarge‐bore Hickman® catheters are useful in infants and small children for the rapid transfusion of blood or fluids into the central circulation. Recently high‐flow plastic sheaths have been developed for the same purpose. We compared the flow rates of normal saline, 5% albumin and packed red blood cells through two sizes of Hickman catheters that have been recommended for major surgery in infants to five sizes of Arrow® plastic sheaths of comparable external diameters, and to 14 and 16 gauge Jelco® catheters. The flow rates of all three solutions through the plastic sheaths and the 14 gauge Jelco catheters were superior to both sizes of Hickman catheters. Shortening the Hickman catheters improved their flow. High‐flow plastic sheaths can provide a useful alternative to Hickman catheters in patients where permanent, large‐bore central venous catheters are not required. Hickman catheters should be shortened as much as safely possible if massive haemorrhage is a

ISSN:1155-5645    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-9592.1995.tb00238.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA retrospective multicentre study of the complications observed after regional anaesthesia in children was undertaken in 1991 at the request of the association of Anesthésistes‐Réanimateurs Pédiatriques d'Expression Française (ADARPEF). The incidence of accidents seen in the study was comparable to that found in the literature. Five cases which were exceptional due to the severity of the sequelae have been analysed separately. Different pathophysiological mechanisms are pro

ISSN:1155-5645    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-9592.1995.tb00239.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryWe have assessed the ease of insertion of the Brain Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) after induction of anaesthesia with propofol in 60 healthy unpremedicated children aged between four and nine years. Patients were randomly allocated into three groups: group A = propofol 2.5 mg·kg−1; group B = propofol 3 mg·kg−1and group C = propofol 3.5 mg·kg−1. Propofol was mixed with lignocaine 0.5 mg·kg−1. Insertion conditions were assessed subjectively as good, acceptable, unacceptable or impossible. Insertion of the LMA was possible in all patients. Good and acceptable conditions were obtained in 35%, 70% and 95% in groups A, B, and C respectively (P<0.0001). There was no statistically significant inter group variation in systolic and diastolic arterial pressure or in heart rate for five min after induction. All measured cardiovascular changes were considered to be clinically insignificant in healthy children. We conclude it is safe and effective to insert a LMA immediately after induction of anaesthesia with propofol

ISSN:1155-5645    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-9592.1995.tb00240.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1155-5645    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-9592.1995.tb00241.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryWe have developed a neonatal pain assessment tool CRIES. The tool is a ten point scale similar to the APGAR score (Apgar 1953). It is an acronym of five physiological and behavioural variables previously shown to be associated with neonatal pain. C—Crying; R—Requires increased oxygen administration; I—Increased vital signs; E—Expression; S—Sleeplessness. We have tested CRIES for validity and reliability. This report is the result of that testing. We have found CRIES to be valid, reliable and well accepted by neonat

ISSN:1155-5645    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-9592.1995.tb00242.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY