摘要:

AbstractWith the high price of petroleum which came about after oil embargo of 1973 there has been a need to find renewable energy sources. Ethanol made from starch or sugar is a renewable fuel. A program for using 10% ethanol and 90% unleaded gasoline was begun in Nebraska and has now become a program of national interest. This fuel mixture is called Gasohol. Gasohol has been tested in a 3.3 mio. km program and is shown to provide better fuel economy and less pollution than unleaded gasoline. In large plants using maize as raw material ethanol can be produced profitably at 36 cents/l. The byproduct cattle feed is a high protein material for feeding beef and dairy cattle. The ethanol has a value in Gasohol of at least 45 cents/l. When compared to gasoline, Gasohol saves energy. For each liter of ethanol which is blended with 9 l of unleaded gasoline there is a reduction of at least 1.23 l of crude oil usage compared to using only gasoline.

ISSN:0038-9056    

DOI:10.1002/star.19810330102

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the past few years computer control has become a significant factor in the corn industry. This can be attributed to a) the success of the A. E. Staley Manufactoring Company plant at Lafayette, Indiana (USA), b) the need to better utilize energy and control losses, and c) the steady reduction in the cost of a computer based system. Attitudes of engineering people in the industry is rapidly changing in favour of computer based systems. However, attitudes of production and company management is still conservative. Most new facilities will have computer based instrumentation. There will be an increase in the number of applications in existing plants to make them more efficient. Systems of the future will feature distributed control and a trend from the central control room.

ISSN:0038-9056    

DOI:10.1002/star.19810330103

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of addition of proteolytic enzymes to the steeping liquor of corn grains was studied to reduce the steeping period and to obtain starch of low protein content. For this purpose the intact, scratched and broken corn grains were steeped in presence of Alcalase and Neutrase enzymes. It was found that the steeping period decreased by about 50% in case of broken grains, while steeping intact or scratched corn grains in presence of the enzymes gave no effect.

ISSN:0038-9056    

DOI:10.1002/star.19810330104

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDistribution of starch components of maize (Zea maysL.) and their properties were investigated by gel filtration after debranching and by exhaustive hydrolysis of starch‐granules with glucoamylase. Based on the results, relationship between genotypes and properties of starch components were discussed.Thesugary‐1 (su1),sugary‐2 (su2), anddull(du) mutants produced high amylose maize, while amylopectin ofsu2was normal type and those ofsu1andduwere novel type. In the double‐mutant combinations, thewaxy(wx) gene decreased amylose content. Starches ofdu su1ordu su2possessed greatest amount of amylose among starches examined. Contents of amylose, intermediate fraction (Fr.) and longer branches of amylopectin increased in most cases when theamylose‐extender (ae)gene was introduced. Starches ofaepossessed longer average chain‐lengths of amylopectin than that of normal. Inae dustarches, however, elongation of the amylopectin chain and increase of the intermediateFr.did not occur. Exhaustive degradation of starch‐granules by glucoamylase showed thataestarches were more resista

ISSN:0038-9056    

DOI:10.1002/star.19810330105

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBeim Verreiben von Kartoffeln treten durch Lufteinschlag Oxidationen und als Folge davon unerwünschte Verfärbungen des Kartoffelproteins und der Pülpe ein. Daher werden während der Verarbeitung normalerweise Schwefeldioxid oder Sulfite zugesetzt. Eine Alternativlösung stellt die Verreibung in einem sauerstoffreien Milieu dar. Das vorgestellte Verfahren besteht im wesentlichen aus einem geeigneten Einlauf, einem Umlaufsystem und einer luftdichten Reibe mit Austrag. Die Kartoffeln werden in einem Wasserstrom durch ein U‐förmiges Rohr und über einen Entwässerungsrost in die Vakuumkammer der Reibe eingebracht. Infolge der Luftdruckdifferenz strömt das Gemisch von selbst in die Vakuumreibe, so daß eine Pumpe überflüssig ist. Das Vakuum beeinflußt nicht nur die Qualität des Kartoffeleiweißes günstig, sondern setzt auch die Geräuschentwicklu

ISSN:0038-9056    

DOI:10.1002/star.19810330106

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDurch Vorversuche wurde aus sieben Proteasepräparaten eines ausgewählt, mit dem Versuche zur Erstellung eines Modells des enzymatischen Abbaues von hitzekoaguliertem Kartoffelprotein durchgeführt wurden. Als Auswahlkriterien bei den Vorversuchen dienten neben der Erhöhung des löslichen Stickstoffanteiles der Geschmack und die funktionellen Eigenschaften der Hydrolysate. Für die Prüfung des Einflusses von Enzymkonzentration, Substratkonzentration und Hydrolysezeit auf die Löslichkeit und den Abbaugrad wurde ein Versuchsplan nachChochranundCoxerstellt und die Berechnungsmethode vonBoxundWilsonve

ISSN:0038-9056    

DOI:10.1002/star.19810330107

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPreparation and physicochemical properties of winged bean starch have been studied. Gelatinization temperature range was 60–70°C and it exhibited single stage swelling and low solubility. The extensive solubility in dimethylsulfoxide may be due to heterogeneous bonding forces within the granule. The amylolytic susceptibility of native and gelatinized starch with human salivary α‐amylase and glucoamylase was studied. The starch was found to be non‐ionic. The amylose content wa

ISSN:0038-9056    

DOI:10.1002/star.19810330108

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCationic starches, precisely depolymerized by gamma‐irradiation (60Co), were dispersed in mild alkali and evaluated as surface sizes for bond paper on a pilot paper machine. The irradiated products had excellent dispersion properties, were well retained on fibers when sized wastepaper (broke) was repulped and had an ability to enhance paper properties that was comparable to that of starch‐based materials used commercially. A yellow corn flour, cationized by an essentially dry reaction process recently developed at this Center, was also radiolyzed and evaluated as a size. This latter product was unique in that all drying steps were eliminated in the preparation of a cationic ceral product of reduced viscos

ISSN:0038-9056    

DOI:10.1002/star.19810330109

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0038-9056    

DOI:10.1002/star.19810330110

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0038-9056    

DOI:10.1002/star.19810330111

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY