摘要:

AbstractMuch hill land pasture in the Appalachians is brush infested. Reclamation procedures which are low cost and require low input are needed to provide hill land pasture owners with ways to maintain production on these lands. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of grazing either sheep (Ovissp.) or goats (Caprasp.) separately or in combination for brush clearing on hill land pasture. Cutting or herbicide followed by grazing with sheep or goats were also compared. The experiment was conducted on a 1.8 ha powerline right of way for five years (1986 to 1990). Goats reduced brush cover from 45% to just over 15% in one year. Sheep took 3 years to bring about the same result. Cutting and herbicide application increased animal effectiveness, primarily that of sheep, but increased costs. Three year variable costs for brush clearing with goats were estimated at $33 ha‐1, sheep cost was $262 ha‐1, while cutting costs were $133 and herbicide $593 ha‐1. Brush was cleared more cost effectively and rapidly by goats, but at the end of 5 years all treatments reduced brush cover

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1995.tb00188.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSome parameters for screening drought resistance in barley were examined during various stages of plant development using two contrasting cultivars (local Iraqi cv. Black and Australian cv. Clipper). These parameters include leaf growth, tiller number, relative water content (RWC), proline accumulation and ionic composition. More pronounced drought resistance in Black was expressed by significantly lower reduction in leaf area, cell and tiller numbers compared with Clipper; proline concentration, RWC and ionic (N, P, K) concentration in expanded leaves, on the other hand, did not clearly distinguish the cultivars. Black was particularly drought tolerant at the post‐flowering stag

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1995.tb00189.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIAA and GA3had increased the stem thickness by increasing that of cortex, phloem fibers and xylem. Each had increased straw and fiber yield/plant, but the effect was more pronounced with GA3than IAA. The percentage of long fibers, strength and fineness increased significantly with GA3. The latter two properties decreased with IAA.

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1995.tb00190.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResponse of sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) to sulphur applied ca. 0, 30, 90 and 150 mg kg‐1and nitrogen applied ca. 0, 100 and 200 mg kg‐1soil were studied on a Typic Camborthids in greenhouse. Nitrogen and S application had a significant (P<0.01) main and interactive effect on seed yield and dry weight of leaves and stem. Cumulative N and S contents of sunflower seeds, stem and leaves were significantly (P<0.01) affected by N and S application. Sulphur transport and accumulation in sunflower seeds was increased with S application. There were significant (P<0.01) correlations between seed yield and N and S content of sunflower plants. Critical S concentration (%) in 60 days old plants was 0.36 for 95 % relative yield of the maximum. Application of 90 mg S kg‐1with 200 mg N kg‐1resulted in the highest seed yield and maximum total S and N contents in sunflower leaves, stem and seeds. Relative increase in sunflower seeds yield at higher levels of N and S was more than that of dry weight of stem and

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1995.tb00191.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe existence of strong heterogeneity of soils on a scale of plots for field trials is demonstrated by a trial for fodder crops on a Lithic Rendoll in Upper Bavaria, Germany. Initial basic (pH, Corg, Ccarbtexture) as well as physical (saturated hydraulic conductivity, bulk density, pore size distribution) soil properties vary strongly across a single plot. Due to the great extent of these variations, the effects of preceding and succeeding crops on soil structural properties within a subplot or subsubplot can only be evaluated with high uncertainty. The effect of weather on soil structural properties during the 18 month trial period must also be considered. Therefore, (i) no sampling of the soil at the end of the trial was done, and (ii) surveying the soil before designing field trials is recommended.

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1995.tb00192.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe combined effect of fertilizing with different forms of organic fertilizerThe' IOSDV field experiment, testing mineral‐nitrogen fertilizer in combination with different forms of organic manure over a period of 6 years (two crop‐rotation cycles) has provided specific results concerning the interaction of the components of fertilizers. Stable manure had an intensive effect on sugar beet but only a weak effect on winter wheat. Sugar‐beet leaves had a strong effect on winter wheat but little effect on winter barley. Straw ‐green manure showed a growing effect on winter barley. As expected, the effect of fertilizing is influenced by climatic factors. Yield curves with the specific parameters ‘M’, ‘m’ and ‘i’ show – as would be expected – that the effect of the organic manure on yield is chiefly expressed at lower levels of mineral‐nitrogen manure. In this way, the curves indicate the optimal level of N‐fertilization. The balance of nutrients show that organic variances have different effects on the N‐balance. The interval evaluation shows the import

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1995.tb00193.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThese studies demonstrate that epicuticular wax may effect the water balance of cabbage under high temperature conditions. In ten week old leaves we did not observe that the cristalline structured wax of the variety Kinsyun was reduced as in three week old leaves compared to Sousyu at high day and night temperatures. Neither the wax structure nor the amount of surface wax of eight varieties could be correlated with their ability to build a head. That head formation of the heat tolerant Sousyu stopped at 27/29°C (day/night) suddenly after starting between leaf stage 11 and 15 could not be explained with differences in the optimum of the photosynthesis or water stress.Growth parameters such as leaf number, length, area and dry weight of additional varieties, Akiou and Braunschweiger, first recommended for summer growing in warm areas and later in a temperate climate, were determined after three month exposure to mean temperature regimes of 27/29, 27/24 and 24/24°C in growth cabin

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1995.tb00194.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGrain amaranth (Amarantbus ssp.): Cultivation, Breeding and Properties of an Old Indian PlantCurrent knowledge on evolution, systematics and biology, as well as on the status of genetic and breeding efforts on the grain‐amaranth speciesA. caudatus, A. cruentusandA, hypochondriacusare compiled. The mineral contents and nutrient composition are compared with those of wheat and maize, and the potential cultivation of these crops in Central Europe, on the basis of experimental trials, is discussed. Amaranth could become a valuable human food source in Euro

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1995.tb00195.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY