摘要:

Bone width and mineral content were measured in 420 healthy Cambridge children aged 4 to 10 years using single photon absorptiometry. The results are expressed first in the form of standard centile charts, with additional prediction charts which provide body‐size‐adjusted estimates for the measurements, and interpretation centiles for comparing these estimates with the actual measurements. The values obtained are similar to those reported for American children aged five to six years after adjusting for body‐size differences. We suggest that appropriate application of these prediction charts will facilitate the use of single photon absorptiometry in monitoring and treating children who have disorders of bone growth and mineraliz

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12275.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The human whey components cross‐reacting with antibodies raised against bovine and/or equine β‐lactoglobulin were screened systematically. The milk of six women on a normal diet was collected within 72 h of confinement and whey components were fractionated by high‐speed size exclusion chromatography and reversed‐phase techniques. The fractions which were immunoreactive in double diffusion experiments with antisera anti‐bovine and/or equine β‐lactoglobulin were subsequently purified by native PAGE and then electroblotted on Pro‐blott membrane (Western blotting). Pro‐blot membranes were stained in parallel with Coomassie and by immunostaining using antibodies against bovine and/or equine β‐lactoglobulin as first antibody solution. The immunoreactive bands were cut out from the membrane and N‐terminally sequenced; all the immunoreactive components were clearly identified as human β‐casein or its (mainly tryptic) fragments. The strong antigenic similarity between human β‐casein and β‐lactoglobulin (bovine and equine) might be of immunological importance; it could mean that breast‐fed neonates risk being sensitized to β‐lactoglobulin irrespective of the presenc

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12276.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Breast milk provides an excellent supply of most nutrients for newborn infants. Infant formulae should be nutritionally comparable to breast milk especially with regard to critical nutrients like iron and other trace elements. Infant formulae supplemented with various amounts of bovine lactoferrin were given to two groups of infants. These infants were compared with infants receiving unsupplemented formula and breast‐fed infants. The effects of these diets on levels of haemoglobin, haematocrit, serum iron, ferritin and zinc were examined for a study period of 150 days. At birth, concentrations of iron, haemoglobin, haematocrit and zinc were comparable in all four feeding groups. The fact that the serum zinc level was not altered by lactoferrin supplementation appears to rule out an in‐vivo effect of lactoferrin on zinc nutrition of infants. Ferritin levels of breast‐fed infants were significantly higher than in non‐supplemented formula‐fed infants at day 30 and day 90. This difference was seen only at day 30, when comparing breast‐fed infants to lactoferrin‐supplemented formula‐fed infants. Comparing the infants receiving formulae, the formula supplemented with the higher amount of bovine lactoferrin induced significantly higher serum ferritin levels compared to the unsupplemented formula at day 90 and day 150. These observations favour the idea that lactoferrin may be involved in iron absorption. Since this effect was pronounced only after 90 days, it has to be discussed as to whether this effect is a convincing argument for supplementing infant formulae with bov

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12277.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Breast feeding and dietary habits were studied prospectively in a cohort of children under the age of five years in a rural Somali community. The median duration of breast feeding was 19.5 months. However, all the children also received cow's milk by cup from the first day of life and onwards. Energy supplements (mainly sugar and oil) as well as additional water were given daily from early infancy. Staples, protein‐rich foods (beans and meat), vegetables and fruits were usually introduced when the children reached the age of 12‐18 months. There was a seasonal variation with the lowest intake of protein‐rich and vitamin‐rich foods during the rains in May to June. Thus, there was a complete absence of exclusive breast feeding. Energy‐reinforced cow's milk and human milk dominated the diet up to the age of one year. Staples were mixed with oil and supplemented with milk, thereby leading to a much higher energy density in the complementary food than is usually the case in African co

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12278.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A prospective study was undertaken to identify possible factors related to the duration of breast feeding. Two hundred and thirty‐eight mothers who had delivered normal single babies with birth weights greater than 2.5 kg and had initiated breast feeding were randomly selected at the maternity hospital, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil, and followed by mail questionnaires until termination of breast feeding, or until the end of the first year. If no reply was received, telephone contact or home visits were made. The group of mothers who stopped breast feeding prior to the end of the third month was compared with those who extended breast feeding beyond three months with respect to socioeconomic, biological, environmental, medical and psychological factors. The variables with a significant coefficient of association with early termination of breast feeding were maternal education, past experience with breast feeding, help of a maid, help with housework provided by a relative, breast feeding orientation during prenatal care and encouragement from the husband. These factors act simultaneously, with interactions among the

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12279.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of the present study was to compare temperatures, metabolic adaptation and crying behavior in 50 healthy, full‐term, newborn infants who were randomized to be kept either skin‐to‐skin with the mother or next to the mother in a cot “separated”. The babies were studied during the first 90 min after birth. Axillary and skin temperatures were significantly higher in the skin‐to‐skin group; at 90 min after birth blood glucose was also significantly higher and the return towards zero of the negative base‐excess was more rapid as compared to the “separated” group. Babies kept in cots cried significantly more than those kept skin‐to‐skin with the mother. Keeping the baby skin‐to‐skin with the mother preserves energy and accelerates metabolic adaptation and may increase th

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12280.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The yellow colour of the skin was measured just after birth in 100 mature newborns using a jaundice meter. The skin colour was significantly correlated to the cord bilirubin concentration (rho=0.26,p=0.009), but unrelated to cord reserve albumin concentration, cord albumin concentration, cord haemoglobin concentration, birth weight and gestational age. In 123 other mature newborns, the basal yellow colour of the skin was estimated on the basis of meter readings taken just after birth. Correction of meter readings taken on the third postnatal day for the basal yellow skin colour improved neither the correlation between the meter readings and the bilirubin concentration nor the ability of the meter readings to predict hyperbilirubinaemia.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12281.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sick preterm infants may, under certain conditions, demonstrate blood pressure passive cerebral blood flow in response to changes in arterial carbon dioxide tension. Blood pressure in turn depends on cardiac output and peripheral resistance. A Doppler technique for assessing cardiac output compared favourably in terms of reproducibility to a thermodilution technique in a group of infants undergoing cardiac catheterization for congenital heart disease. Doppler was subsequently used to monitor changes in cardiac output following an increase in arterial carbon dioxide tension of 1 kPa in 25 ventilated preterm infants. Blood pressure increased significantly (p= 0.006). However, heart rate did not change significantly (p= 0.16) and, in addition, both stroke and minute volume decreased (p= 0.023,p= 0.02, respectively). This suggests that accompanying changes in components of peripheral resistance exert important effects on blood pressure in the preterm neonate in response to changes in arterial carbon dioxide tension.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12282.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Blood velocity in the internal carotid artery (ICA) and in the descending thoracic aorta (DAo) was investigated used Duplex‐Doppler ultrasound in 14 infants of<30 weeks gestation, treated prophylactically with surfactant, and in 11 comparable infants with relatively mature lungs who served as controls. After surfactant administration, blood gases, pH or FiO2were not different between the groups. Temporal mean blood velocity in the ICA was used as a relative measure of cerebral flow (TMFV‐cer), and its coefficient of variation (CV‐cer) was used to assess fluctuations in cerebral blood velocity. The pulsatility index (PI) in the ICA (PI‐cer) and DAo (PI‐DAo) was used to estimate if a left‐to‐right shunt was present. During surfactant instillation TMFV‐cer was abnormally low and CV‐cer indicated a fluctuating cerebral blood velocity. At 10 min after surfactant administration, TMFV‐cer of the treated infants was higher compared to the controls, while CV‐cer was stable in both groups. PI‐cer and PI‐DAo were abnormally high during the first hour of life after surfactant treatment, suggesting a left‐to‐right shunt without, however, clinical signs of a hemodynamically important ductus arteriosus. We suggest that cerebral perfusion is affected during and at 10 min after surfactant instillation. Left‐to‐right shunting appears to be a common eve

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12283.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of this study was to investigate the precise origin of the acid pre‐duodenal lipase during human development and to evaluate its possible changes, at the tissue level, in children with gastritis or pancreatic insufficiency. Human gastric lipase appears around the 11 th week of gestation and increases slowly during pre‐ and postnatal development. It is localized in the fundus of the stomach without any lingual localization. Human gastric lipase reaches its adult level in the third month of life, and does not vary in relation to pancreatic insufficiency. It is only rarely impaired during gastri

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12284.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY