摘要:

Summary.In 9 animals, previously treated with emulsion of cod liver oil up to the highest degree consistent with life, a study is made of the behavionr of the Ecg. for the following 7 1/2 months, as well as of the morphology of the hearts of these animals when they were killed.The Eeg. appears gradually to regain the normal, as the a—v‐conduction time and the QRS‐time are reduced from their prolongation, reached during the oil treatment, and the outlines of the curves as well gradually look more normal. A complete restitution, however, is not reached, and in most of the animals the archaism of contraction of the heart seems to be permanently somewhat altered, in as much as the last curve evidently differs from the initial one.The anatomical lesions of the heart of the animals, with one striking exception, are less prominent than in control animals, which died or were killed when under influence of the same amounts of oil. No example of complete anatomical healing of these lesions is proved in any animalThe best and most clear anatomical healing was reached when, after cessation of the dosing with c.l.o. the animal received a better diet than the basal diet used during the medication.On average therefore, a tendency of consolidation is found, which as to the function would possibly have been even more advanced if the animals had survived for a longer time.In the light of the experience from these experiments one can understand, why cod liver oil injuries are not known in human hearts from individuals once treated with even large quantities of oil.However, as it is exceptionally found that almost all the injuries arisen, from any cause may persist or perhaps even advance after the oil has been omitted during the comparatively long time, for this species of animal, of 7 1/2 months, it seems not impossible, that a cod liver oil treatment in man may cause a chronic heart disease.As far as these experiments show it, smaller heart‐lesions may possibly persist after a medication with cod liver oil for a fairly longer period

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1930.tb17309.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1930

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The anatomical lesions produced by the c.1.o in the hearts of the rats in this as in previous investigations (Aguirre) is found to be very small, when compared with the lesions occurring in the hearts of the mice. They are, however, in part of about the same nature its these and injuries are observed in all those animals examined, which received the oil.In spite of the comparatively small heart lesions the rats succumb, most certainly on account of the c.l.o. treatment, at an earlier stage of the experiment than the mice, and rats getting greater doses die earlier than those getting smaller. No rat in these experiments has reached the age of 10 months.The Ecg. of the normal rat differs in its common appearance from the Ecg. of the mouse, but comes ntw to the outlines of the Ecg. in man. During the first period of the post natal growth the Ecg. of the rat is subjected to alterations of the same kind as the Ecg. in children. Thus the electrical axis in the rats during the first months of life turns in an anti‐clockwise direction, from the age of one to that of two months by about 20°.In rats treated with c.l.o. the alterations in the Ecg. are very small and even the enormous dose of oil of 12 cc. kg./day given for more than 5 months did not produce appreciable alterations.The greatest alterations observed occur in the animal treated tlie longest time (9 months), although it got the smallest dose of oil (0.5 cc. kg./da

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1930.tb17310.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1930

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The rabbits have proved to be very sensitive to the toxic influence of the cod liver oil. Rabbits which were given a dose of oil of 5 cc. per kg. bodyweight per day have succumbed in 10 to 22 days and showed obvious alterations of their Ecg.In all the rabbits examined, morphological alterations of degenerative nature, spread throughout the whole heart muscle, have appeared.All the rabbits have exhibited alterations of their Ecg. when under the influence of the c.l.o., and these alterations may occur within a week after the initiation of the c.1.o. treatment.The electrocardiography alterations are in the main dependent on injuries of the function of the conduction system of the heart, which are also seen from prolongations of the a‐v conduction time and the QRS time. A prolongation of the latter time is usually accompanied with alterations of the appearance of the Ecg., in more pronounced cases of the same nature as in bundle branch block. If the animals survive this stage, the curve shows a tendency to regain more normal features, but its time relations remain increased. We have reasons for believing these conditions to be dependent on initially local alterations of the function of the conducting tissue, which later grow general.A prolongation of the duration of the whole ventricular contraction (prolonged Q—T‐time), which is considerably greater than the increase of the QRS‐time, seems to indicate, that the proper contracting muscle of the heart also reacts slower when under the influence of the c.1.o.In two cases, where it has been put to test, a larger dose of c.1.o. seem to be of less toxic effect, when the animal was previously accustomed to a small dose of oil.One animal, which received c.1.o. which had been irradiated with ultraviolet rays, remained remarkably little influenced.Green grass and summer sunlight — especially the bright spring day‐light — in these experiments also have shown a protecting influence on rabbits against the toxicity of c.1.o.The rabbits do not possess the same increased sensibility as the mice to the c.1.o when this is given emulated.An addition to the diet of vitamins B and C, in the form of marmite and lemon juice, does not protect the animals against the toxic influence

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1930.tb17311.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1930

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Eight dogs treated for from 8 to 20 months with cod liver oil in a dose 0.1‐l‐(5) cc. of oil per kg. bodyweight per day, show obvious alterations of their electrocardiogram and degenerative heart lesions of the usual type.As may be expected from the comparatively small dose of oil, the alterations of the Ecg. are rather small, mainly consisting of alterations in the size and direction of the T‐summit and prolongations of the times of the curve. Clear changes of these kinds occur in all the cases and are rather uniform. Curves such as those occurring in bundle branch block are indicated only in two cases, one of which received the greatest dose of oil administered.There is certain evidence that even so small a dose as 0.1 cc. of oil per kg. bodyweight per day is injurious to the heart of the dog.The alterations of the Ecg. may occur within 2–4 months after the commencement of the tr

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1930.tb17312.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1930

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.By using a simple method of suction‐filtration it is possible exactly to determine by titration the phosphorus content in biological fluids in quantities from 0.6 to 0.015 mg

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1930.tb17313.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1930

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1930.tb17314.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1930

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1930.tb17315.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1930

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Zusammenfassung.Physiologisch erscheint bei FrühgeburtenCheyne‐Stokes'Atmungstypus abwechselnd mit der gleichmässigen Atmungsform. Am häufigsten und typischsten ist sein Auftreten im Schlaf, in Perioden der Ruhelosigkeit, nach warmen Bädern und in apnoisehen Zuständen. Dazu findet man ihn oft bei kranken und schwaehen Frühgeburten.Gewöhnlich treten die fürCheyne‐Stokes'Atmen charak‐teristischen Pausen im Exspirium auf, doch haben wir eine bei 2 von 16 Kindern daneben auch im Inspirium beobachtet.Der Zeitpunkt, bei welchemCheyne‐Stokes'Atmen ver‐schzwindet, ist abhängig von dem absluten Alter, der Lebenskr‐aft und dem Gesundheitszustand des Kindes, derart, dass er um so später einzutreten scheint, je unausgetragener das betreffende Kind und je schlechter sein Allgemeinbefnden ist.Frühgeburten und jüngere Säuglinge atmen fast ausschliess‐lich mit Hilfe des Zwerchfelles. Die diesbezüglichen Unter

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1930.tb17316.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1930

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1930.tb17317.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1930

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Zusammenfassung.Die angeführten Fälle der Pertussis‐Encephalitis sind kli‐nische und anatomische Tatsachen. Da die Pertussis nicht für eine 6‐wöchige Hustenkrankheit angesehen werden darf. vielmehr in dem überwiegenden Prozentsatz der Fälle cine langdauernde Krankheit ist, da die Pertussisrezidiven häufig zum Tode führen und die Pertussis die Zeichen einer allge‐meinen Infektion des Organismus trägt. müssen wir die Ge‐hirnaffeldionen der toxi‐infektiösen Wirkung des Pertussisgiftes auf das Gehirn, auf das Nerven‐ und Gefässystem zuschreiben.Wenn die allgemein angenornniene Hypothese, laut welcher die venöse Hyperaemie, Gehirnoedem und die Blutextravasate, rein mechanisch, durch den Husten bedingt sind, die Pertussis‐encephalopatien zum Teile erklären kann — so ist diese An‐schauung eine nicht vollkommen befriedigende. Eine ganzeReihe klinischer UInstände steht mit dieser scheinbar einfachen Hypothese im Widerspruch.Ähnlich wie die Pathogenese der Darmblutungen bei Bauchtyphus, so auch die Pathogeneae der Blutextravasate bei Pertussis, ist im gewissen Grade, abhängig von den ana‐logischen vorübergehenden Erscheinungen einer haemorrha‐gischen Diathese, welche durch eine Dysfunktion der d

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1930.tb17318.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1930

数据来源: WILEY