摘要:

The congress was held under patronage of Mrs Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, President of the Republic of Icela

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1989.tb11273.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYSeventy‐one surviving infants were followed up from birth to 24 weeks of postnatal age. Their mean gestational age was 32 weeks with a range of 26–36 weeks and a standard deviation of 2.1 weeks. Their mean birth weight was 1.805 kg with a range of 0.675–2.5 kg and a standard deviation of 0.408 kg. Their weights, lengths and head circumferences were measured at birth, 6, 12 and 24 weeks. Curves for the mean weight, length and head circumference were produced and superimposed on the available intrauterine and extra‐uterine growth charts. The growth curves of the preterm infants did not show the flattening noted in the intrauterine curves towards term. The curve of the mean weight of the preterm infants started at the 50th centile for Gairdner&Pearson (1971) at birth to drop below that shortly after birth. At 40 weeks of postconceptional age the mean weight curve of preterm infants crossed the 50th centile and continued above it to reach the 90th centile at 60 weeks. The curves of mean length and head circumference started below the 50th centile at birth and crossed it at 40 weeks and continued above it to approach the 90th centile at 60 weeks. Growth velocity was calculated as a relative gradient using the straight line equation (y=a+bx), where y is the weight, length or head circumference, and x is the independent variable and here it is the group mean of the parameter at the corresponding ages. Catch up growth is taken as a relative gradient significantly greater than one. The first 24 weeks of postnatal life are defined as a period of catch up growth with the first 8 weeks as an interval of maximum head v

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1989.tb11270.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1989.tb11313.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTGuandalini, S. (Department of Pediatrics, University of Naples, Naples, Italy). Overview of childhood acute diarrhoea in Europe: Implications for oral rehydration therapy. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 364: 5, 1989.Infant mortality from acute diarrhoea has sharply declined in the last few decades throughout Europe. However, acute diarrhoea is still a very common occurrence in European children, who experience, in their first 3 years of life, approximately 1 episode/year. The commonest agent responsible for infectious diarrhoeas appears to be rotavirus, followed by campylo‐bacter. Although water loss may be high, the mean sodium Loss is close to 40 mmol/l of stool in rotaviral diarrhoea, and to 60 mmol//l in diarrhoeas due to invasive pathogens such as campylobacter and salmonella. Larger fluid losses but a somewhat lower sodium loss accompanies non‐cholera secretory diarrhoeas, which appear to be commoner in infants than in older children. This evidence indicates that an ORS for European children should have a sodium concentration lower than 90 mmol/l which was primarily intended for use in developing countries. Clearly, the glucose concentration is crucial, as it is now evident that concentrations higher than the recommended 110 mmol/l may lead, particularly in rotaviral enteritis, to worsening of diarrhoea and development of hypernatraemia. Finally, it appears that in Europe the use of commercially available ORS is strikingly low, so that infants and children are often given a variety of “clear fluids”, generally inadequate to ensure proper rehydration or maintenance of hydration. Thus an effort should he made not only to devise the “ideal” solution, but also to effectively implem

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1989.tb11314.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1989.tb11299.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1989.tb11300.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1989.tb17160.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTWalker‐Smith, J. A. (Academic Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital for Children, London, U.K.). The role of oral rehydration solutions in the children of Europe‐ Continuing controversies. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 364:13, 1989.Controversy remains concerning ORS composition in Europe. This centres chiefly upon the sodium level. Solutions with a low sodium content continue to be widely used in Europe. ORS with Na 90 mmol/l when given correctly is safe and effective. However when this solution is prepared incorrectly there is a risk of hypernatraemia. In most of Europe mortality and morbidity from gastroenteritis is now very low. Therefore any change from current formulation must not carry any risk in this regard. The need for bicarbonate or indeed any base in ORS is also controversial. There is a clear need in Europe for controlled trials of ORS solutions of various composition to determine the ideal solution for the children of Europe who have acute diarrh

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1989.tb11315.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1989.tb11301.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSandhu, B. K., Christobal, F. L. and Brueton, M. J. (The Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Bristol and Westminister Children's Hospital, London, U.K.). Optimising oral rehydration solution composition in model systems: Studies in normal mammalian small intestine. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 364:17, 1989.Small intestinal perfusion studies have been carried out in animals to evaluate the role of the individual constituents of oral rehydration solution (ORS), in order to draw some conclusions relating to the optimal composition of ORS. Two commercially available ORS, Dioralyte and Rehidrat have also been compared to the World Health Organisation (WHO) standard solution. Maximum rate of water absorption occurred with the WHO solution and least with Rehidrat. The findings of the perfusion studies suggest that in the normal small intestine, optimal water absorption occurs from a solution containing 60 mmol/l of sodium and 80–120 mmol/l of glucose. The addition of bicarbonate and citrate at concentrations present in ORS does not appear to have a significant effect on water absorption. The addition of glycine and diglycine to the standard ORS reduced the net rate of absorption of sodium and water, probably because of the effect of increased osmolalit

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1989.tb11316.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY