ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1984.tb10003.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe cytogenetic data of a large scale study in an institutionalized population of 1991 moderately and severely mentally retarded patients are presented. In 21.3% of these patients a chromosomal aberration was diagnosed (14.9% Down syndrome patients and 3.5%“other chromosomal anomalies”). A fragile X screening was performed in 354 males, and was found to be positive in 57 (16.1% positive). Different chromosomal variants were present in another 6% of this population. Detailed results are presented on the different groups of chromosomal aberrati

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1984.tb10001.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1984.tb10002.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1984.tb09890.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:In a double blind trial a glycine fortified oral glucose electrolyte solution was evaluated in a group of infants and small children (n = 25) with moderate to severe dehydration due to acute diarrhoea, and was compared with a matched control group (n = 26) receiving only glucose based oral rehydration solution. It is seen that the diarrhoea stool output, duration of diarrhoea, and volume of oral rehydration fluid required to achieve and maintain hydration are significantly lower in the group receiving glycine fortified glucose electrolyte solution. The possibility of developing an oral rehydration solution which could also act as an absorption promoting drug is discussed.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1984.tb09891.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Post‐measles corneal ulceration resembling keratomalacia is frequently seen in young children in northern Nigeria. The concentration of retinol in plasma has been found to be depressed more by measles than by malnutrition. In order to determine whether this could be due to a specific influence of measles on the uptake, storage and release of retinol by the liver or its subsequent transport in the plasma, retinyl ester was administered parenteral^ to assess its effect on the concentration of circulating holo retinol‐binding protein. A water‐miscible preparation of retinyl palmitate was administered by intramuscular injection to well‐and malnourished children with and without acute measles. In all cases, the concentration of both retinol and retinol‐binding protein rose appreciably within 24 h of administration of the vitamin preparation. Thus the failure of post‐measles corneal lesions to respond to orally or parenterally administered vitamin A would not appear to be due to the inability of such vitamin A to increase the level of circulating retinol in the plasma of children w

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1984.tb09892.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The effect of prolonged breast‐feeding on the serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites, calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase was studied longitudinally in 7 infants from Northern Norway. They were exclusively breast‐fed for a median of 71/2 months. Three of the mothers were supplemented with vitamin D throughout lactation. All but one of the infants had 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25‐OHD) levels in the rachitic range (<20 nmol/l) on at least one occasion. Vitamin D supplementation of the mother had no apparent effect on the infants' 25‐OHD levels, but the values increased during summer. The infant who had the lowest 25‐OHD levels also had decreased 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25‐(OH)2D) concentrations, while the others maintained l,25‐(OH)2D levels within normal limits. 24,25‐(OH)2D concentrations were undetectable when the 25‐OHD levels were below 35 nmol/l, but the two metabolites were closely correlated for higher values of 25‐OHD. Low 25‐OHD levels were associated with decreased phosphate concentrations at 6 months. The calcium levels were normal throughout the study period of one year, as were all but two of the alkaline phospatase values. Although none of the infants had clinical or biochemical evidence of rickets, the results suggest that the vitamin D supply from human milk is inadequate, and that routine vitamin D supplementation is advisable for breast‐fed infants who are de

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1984.tb09893.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Influences on the choice and use of an infant feeding method by primigravidae were studied from late pregnancy until six months after delivery. Data were collected by home interviews and postal questionnaires, and from hospital case‐notes. Three‐quarters of the women had chosen a method before their first hospital visit and most adhered to their choice. Mothers named midwives and health visitors more often than other health professionals as appropriate for discussions about feeding. However, there was little evidence of the influence of health professionals apart from an association between hospital feeding practices and duration of breast feeding. The major influences on mothers were socio‐cultural. Findings suggest that breast feeding can be encouraged by a wide dissemination of information, by enabling mothers to discuss feeding with their preferred professional, by respecting an early choice of method, and by encouraging demand feeding which should begin soon after del

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1984.tb09894.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.In 59 normal infants attending well‐baby clinics, food consumption was registered until 26 and growth until 52 weeks of age. They were either breast‐fed or formula‐fed with a cow's milk product or a soy protein product. The average consumption of breastmilk was 746, 796, 722 and 689 g/day at 6, 14, 22 and 26 weeks respectively. Bottle‐fed infants received larger volumes, and at 6 and 14 weeks were the calculated total energy intakes significantly higher than in breast‐fed infants. No differences were seen between the feeding groups with respect to length and the sum of four skin folds. The soy formula‐fed children, who happened to be 200 g heavier at birth, had lower weight gains during the first 6 weeks than the other two groups. Thereafter, the average weights of the soy formula group did not differ from the other groups. At 3 months, the soy formula‐fed children displayed a slower mineralisation and maturation of bone, but the difference was no longer significant when re‐examined at 6 months. Formulas based on soy protein isolates seem to be acceptable as substitutes for cow's milk formulas in feeding

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1984.tb09895.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Energy and protein quantity and quality in the diet are factors regulating the rate of growth in the preterm infant. In the present study twenty infants 31–36 weeks of gestational age were fed with two identical test formulas which vried only in the content of energy. One formula (F‐81) contained 3.1 g protein (60 bovine whey: 40 bovine caseins) and 81 kcal per dl. The second formula (F‐94) contained the same amount of protein but 94 kcal per dl. At an intake of 150 ml/kg/d the infants received 4.6 g protein/kg/d and either 121 or 141 kcal/kg/d. The infants on F‐94 had a significantly higher rate of weight gain, but growth of length and head circumference was equal in the two groups. Significant differences were found in the plasma concentrations of glutamine and alanine between the two feeding groups. The other plasma amino acids were not statistically different in the two groups of infants. Urine excretion of threonine, serine, glycine, alanine, histidine, tyrosine, glutamine and cystathionine was significantly increased in the high caloric, F‐94‐group. The results indicate that increasing the caloric intake above 120 kcal/kg/d in preterm infants on a relatively high protein intake does not increase linear growth but does produce increased weight gain. The biochemical results provide indirect evidence that this weight increase is the result of increased fa

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1984.tb09896.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY