摘要:

The carotenoids found in adult kite swallowtails (Graphiumspp.) and the Danaid glassy tigers (Ideopsis, TirumalaandParantica), butterflies with exposed blue/green pigmented wing membranes (which contain pterobilins) and a modified scale vestiture, were compared with those of related species of Papilios and Danaids with concealed wing membranes an an entire scale vestiture. It was found that both the kite swallowtails contained only lutein, and even lacked β‐carotene, the first known instance among butterflies. This was presumably due to selective storage by the larva since the food‐plant was found to be rich in varied carotenoids. A possible link between the high concentration of pterobilins in the wing membrane and the lack of carotenoids is discu

ISSN:0024-4066    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1985.tb00156.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Dimorphism of tergal wing‐folding spicule patches and wing‐toiletry fringes accompanies wing dimorphism in the ladybird,Rhyzobius litura.Such dimorphism of ‘ancillary’ structures is of rare occurrence in the Coleoptera; other instances are discussed. Data are presented concerning the incidence of long and short winged individuals ofR. liturain samples from six populations in southern England. Factors likely to influence the relative proportions of the morphs in small populations, and in samples of different kinds, are discussed. Evidence that inter‐population variation in the incidence of macropterous individuals has a ‘geographical’ component inR. liturais

ISSN:0024-4066    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1985.tb00157.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Populations ofNilaparvata lugensfrom 18 geographically defined and widely distributed regions in Asia and Australasia were maintained in the laboratory on growing rice plants. Crosses between some of these showed varying degrees of success in hybridization. Those between insects from Australia and the Solomon Islands had the lowest success rates, but in successful individual crosses there was little evidence of hybrid inviability. Behavioural barriers in the form of substrate transmitted courtship signals appeared to be primarily responsible for low success in hybridization. Pulse repetition frequencies of male calls were distinctive for different populations: those from Australia and the Solomon Islands showed the greatest difference. Divergence in mate recognition signals (pre‐mating ethological isolating mechanisms) has apparently evolved in advance of general genetic incompatibilities (post‐mating isolating mechanisms) in this spec

ISSN:0024-4066    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1985.tb00158.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Shell morphology and allozyme patterns of 17 enzymes are analysed within the isolated population ofL. saxatilisOlivi (1792) from Venice, the type locality of the species. The shell morphology is compared to three differentL. saxatilisphenotypes from Sweden, and showed to be similar to the brackish water‘tenebrosa’type. The Venice population is genetically more distant from British and Swedish populations than are the latter from each other. Less variability (heterozygosity) within the Venice compared to the Atlantic populations is probably a consequence of random genetic drift during a period of small population size.The nomenclature ofL. saxatilisin the Atlantic is discussed and it is suggested that until the exact taxonomic relationship between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic populations has been confirmed by, for example, cross‐breeding experiments, the name‘saxatilis’should be kept for the non‐Venetian populations (described by Maton (1797) under the n

ISSN:0024-4066    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1985.tb00159.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Field population cages were used to investigate the effects of density and interspecific interactions on adult mortality in two closely related species of landsnail,C. nemoralis(L.) andC. hortensis(Mull). High densities were associated with increased mortality in both species. Increased mortalities were also observed in populations in which the two species were placed together, compared to those in which each was kept separate. However, this trend was not consistent for populations which contrasted in density levels. The effect ofC. hortensisonC. nemoraliswas greater at low densities than at high densities. The results suggest that coexistence in nature may be unstable and could result in spatial displacement.

ISSN:0024-4066    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1985.tb00160.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

‘Choice‐chamber’ population cages were used to investigate distribution patterns in mixed and unmixed populations of closely related species of landsnails,C. nemoralis(L.) andC. hortensis(Müll.). Numbers of snails migrating into cut‐grass cages were affected by mixing the two species. The direction of response was not the same for both siblings. The results indicate that interspecific interaction could affect species' distribution patterns in free‐living p

ISSN:0024-4066    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1985.tb00161.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Recent anurans plus all but the most primitive temnospondyl labyrinthodont amphibians are proposed as a monophyletic taxon, based on shared stapedial characters which are derived with respect to all other tetrapods. Within temnospondyls, the mostly Lower Permian dissorophoids are proposed as most closely related to Recent anurans, based on interpretation of the dissorophoid dorsal quadrate process and the anuran tympanic annulus as sequential steps in a character transformation series. The otic features described here reinforce the concept of the amphibian tympanic ear as a prior “invention” with no genealogical relationship to amniote tympanic e

ISSN:0024-4066    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1985.tb00162.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Ainsworth and Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi, 7th edition, by D. L. Hawksworth, B. C. Sutton&G. C. Ainsworth.Collins Guide to the Ferns, Mosses and Lichens of Britain and North and Central Europe, by H. M. Jahns.

ISSN:0024-4066    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1985.tb00163.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0024-4066    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1985.tb00156a.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY