摘要:

A transcription is given of a series of letters written in 1900 to H. M. Bernard (then working on theCatalogue of corals in the British Museum)by Ray Lankester, Sir W. Thiselton‐Dyer, W. F. R. Weldon, George Murray, William Bateson, David Sharp and Alfred Russell Wallace. The letters concern an unpublished (and lost) essay by Bernard on nomenclature and the species problem. Bernard's ideas were presented in a paper read to the Linnean Society in 1901. A commentary on the letters and their writers is adde

ISSN:0024-4066    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1977.tb00256.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Type‐material of 100 insect species described by J. R. Forster has always been thought lost. We present evidence that syntypic specimens of some of these species were sent by Forster to Linnaeus in 1772. Specimens of at least 27 species survive in the Linnaean collection now in Burlington House, and are listed. The identity of each of the 18 species of Hymenoptera described by Forster is examined in detail, particularly the nine represented by specimens. Lectotypes are designated for two species; four new synonymies and two new combinations are established; and three names remainnomina dubiawithin their gener

ISSN:0024-4066    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1977.tb00257.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Although medusa‐release was first seen inObeliain the mid‐18th century (Baster, 1762b), the true nature of medusa‐release in any coelenterate was not understood until Sars' (1829) observations on a scyphozoan scyphistoma. A flourish of work followed during which many coelenterate life‐cycles were worked out, that ofObeliabeing among the first (by van Beneden, 1843). The impact on some areas of zoological thought of the mid‐19th century was considerable. Around the 1880sObeliabecame used in teaching to illustrate and introduce the concept of alternation of generations and, alongsideHydra, as a “type” example of the Hydrozoa and of the Coelenterata. It remained important as a teaching organism f

ISSN:0024-4066    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1977.tb00258.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The distribution and abundance of three closely related species of zonitid snails in grassland and woodland habitats at Monks Wood are described. Interspecific differences in distribution and abundance can be related to differences in climatic tolerance as shown in laboratory experiments. Evidence is presented which indicates thatAegopinella nitidulapredates other snails and thatNesovitrea hammonisis a preferred prey species. It is suggested that the low population densities characteristic ofN. hammonisin some areas might result, at least in part, from selective predation byA. nitidula.

ISSN:0024-4066    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1977.tb00259.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Nest‐building by male and virgin female wild and laboratory mice kept at a temperature of 2oC was compared with that of controls kept at 23oC. The amount of cotton wool pulled into the cage was recorded over 24 hours. Nest quality was also assessed. The tests of nest‐building were conducted in both cold and warm environments. Cotton pulling was usually at a lower rate in the cold environment, but there was no corresponding decrement in final nest quality. Previous experience in the cold, compared with absence of such experience, resulted in higher scores by wild mice tested in either environment, and by laboratory mice tested in the cold environment. Wild mice that built high quality nests used less cotton wool in the cold than in the warm environment. The tendency for wild mice to pull more cotton wool and build better nests than laboratory mice was more pronounced among cold‐treated animals. Differences in body weight did not account for the differences between wild and laboratory mice.In further experiments nest‐building was observed over 16 days. In the cold environment there was an initial depression of nest‐building by both wild and laboratory mice, followed by a steady improvement over 6 days.Both males and virgin females sometimes made well constructed nests even in the warm environment. In the cold environment the effect of previous cold‐exposure on wild mice was the rapid construction of

ISSN:0024-4066    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1977.tb00260.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0024-4066    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1977.tb00255.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY