摘要:

The American Geophysical Union is the American National Committee of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, and the Executive Committee of the American Geophysical Union is the Committee on Geophysics of the National Research Council. The objects of the Union are to promote the study of problems concerned with the figure and physics of the Earth, to initiate and coordinate researches which depend upon international and national cooperation, and to provide for their scientific discussion and publication. In the accomplishment of these objects, the Union is divided into sections following the plan of organization of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics. There are now seven sections, namely, (a) Geodesy, (b) Seismology, (c) Meteorology, (d) Terrestrial Magnetism and Electricity, (e) Oceanography, (f) Volcanology, and (g) Hydrology. A Section of Geophysical Chemistry was discontinued May 51, 1924, as the International Union had failed to provide such a Section; the Section of Hydrology was established November 15, 1930—matters pertaining to scientific hydrology referred to the American Geophysical Union had been previously looked after by special committees on hydrolog

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR013i001p00003

年代:1932

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The last few years have seen a remarkable growth of interest in oceanography. The formation and endowment of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, the reorganization of the Bermuda Station, and the activities of the Scripps Institution may be cited as a few of the achievements in which the American institutions have played an active part. The publications of a number of marine laboratories here and abroad show that they are investigating several problems which are of fundamental interest to the geologist as well as to the biologist. Of special mention are studies in marine sedimentation and, to a certain extent, submarine configuration.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR013i001p00011

年代:1932

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The larger problems of island‐arcs and ocean‐deeps arise from a few basic facts which may be stated concisely as follows:First, the linear form of the island‐arcs and deep‐sea troughs stands in contrast to the non‐linear swells and basins of the normal

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR013i001p00012

年代:1932

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Bartlett Trough is one of the major structural and physiographic features of the Caribbean region. It extends in a flat arc, convex toward the north,from the Gulf of Honduras eastward as far as Gonaive Gulf between the two western peninsulas of Haiti, a distance of over 1,000 miles. The width, between Cuba and Jamaica, is nearly 100 miles, and the deepest sounding, according to recent reports, is about 4,000 fathoms, or 31,000 feet below the higher peaks of the Sierra Maestra in Cuba and the Blue Mountains in Jamaica.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR013i001p00019

年代:1932

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The significance of the earthquake in relation to the study of oceanic areas by geophysical methods lies in the fact that beneath the sea, as well as on land, the earthquake gives evidence that forces are at work which are either missing or inactive in other regions. The earthquake, therefore, can serve the investigator by pointing out the places where his efforts are likely to be especially productive of results.In the study of regions subject to earthquakes, the first obvious step is to see whether they possess some special peculiarity not shared by other regions. In considering the ocean‐basins and adjacent coastal regions and islands, the first thing to consider is the topographic relief, since if coordination is established it should prove helpful in solving the problems. Submarine relief beneath the sea is not more significant than that on the land, but is likely to be more helpful, since it is more sharply defined as weathering processes causing a change are not activ

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR013i001p00021

年代:1932

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The work recently completed In the West Indies was dependent on Dr. Meinesz's previous important discoveries in the Dutch East Indies. There he found a narrow band of strong negative anomalies, about 100 miles wide and 5,000 miles long, extending along the southwest side of Sumatra and Java, then crossing northward east of the Philippines. The band is bordered on either side by bands of positive anomalies. The negative strip does not show a direct relation to topography.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR013i001p00026

年代:1932

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The unceasing stream of deep‐sea soundings from national and institutional vessels of countries bordering or having interest in the ocean, among which those of the Unites States have made a large contribution, is year by year advancing to a nearer stage of realization the once distant prospect of mapping the conformation and topography of the bottom of the ocean.I will not ask you to ascend the steps by which the present stage of progress has been reached, but, in association with my endeavor to convey to you an impression of the accumulations that have been gathered, I would have it recalled that in the middle of the nineteenth century—which marked the close of the period of coast reconnaissance and island discovery following the period of circumnavigation and continent discovery—the sea remained unfathomed, excepting in the shallower waters bordering the land where there were in progress, as national undertakings in aid of commerce and navigation, those marine hydrographic surveys which have eventually made the coastline of the world the best known of the major geographical features of the world. In that unfathomed state, while the former and present role of the ocean, in the history of the Earth and its economy, did not go unnoticed, oceanography had not yet forged those bonds of kinship which now relate it to many other branches of science, and which augment its im

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR013i001p00033

年代:1932

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In proposing the so‐called seismic or sonic method as a tool for the geologic investigation of ocean‐bottoms and margins, I am aware that I am recommending a method not widely known, and one practically untried for the purpose under consideration.The problem of working from the ocean‐surface, instead of from a land‐surface, will require the development of a special technique, but it presents no major difficulty; in fact, it has decided advantages. I am confident that the method can be developed into a tool equal or superior to any now at the command of the geophysicist, geologist, or oceanographer for investigating the constitution and structure of that great and almost unknown portion of the Earth—the ocea

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR013i001p00037

年代:1932

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Extensive detailed areal torsion‐balance surveys with which I have been connected or studied extend from the south end of the Sabine Uplift to the Gulf and from the vicinity of Houston half way east to New Orleans, and I have had connection with patchy surveys in the Mississippi delta‐area and in the coastal area southwest of Houston which give a somewhat impressionistic picture of the regional variation of gravity. Prom those surveys, a picture of the broad variation of gravity in Louisiana, in east Texas, in southeast Texas, and in south Texas is shaping itself in my mind. But the pattern of the broad variation of gravity is not simple and the data now available show that haste must be made slowly in filling in the many broad gaps in the picture and in drawing conclusions from the gravity‐data of those torsion‐balance surveys and of the pendulum

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR013i001p00040

年代:1932

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To be the speaker immediately following Dr. DeGolyer is an unexpected pleasure for he has presented to you a very clear picture of the kind of tools which the oil explorations of recent years have made available for geological studies of various kinds. My purpose, following him, is to give you an account of an attempt which was made to go beyond the oil regions with the same equipment in the hope of getting more information of geological value.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR013i001p00042

年代:1932

数据来源: WILEY