摘要:

We were glad to gather from the July 1969 issue of EOS (page 478), that our Mexican Colleagues have established a full graduate program in geophysics at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, and we feel that they are certainly to be congratulated for this initiative.We believe, however, that the readers of EOS may be interested in learning that contrary to what is stated in your note, this is not the first graduate course in geophysics in Latin America. In fact, a regular graduate course in geophysics has been existing in this country at the Instituto Superior del Observatorio Astronómico (which is part of the Universidad Nacional de La Plata), since May 1948. This is one of the two branches of studies at the Observatorio de La Plata, the other being astronomy. Graduates receive the title of ‘Geophysicist,’ which is the equivalent to Licenciado, after five years of training in mathematics, physics, and the main subjects of geophysics, including gravity and tides, seismology, geomagnetism, meteorology, and exploration geop

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO051i001p00002

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A scientific society like AGU, by its statutes, is a democratic organization. Its purpose is to serve the members, and in pursuit of this endeavor it is to be ruled by these members. The coming election of new officers prompts a few remarks in this connection. Members are generally rather apathetic toward this important privilege of their membership. Usually only a minority vote.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO051i001p00003

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Artificial satellites have been available for space research for slightly more than a decade, and it seems appropriate to take stock of the accomplishments of that decade from the viewpoint of the earth's environment in space. The results can only be described as revolutionary; few of the concepts of the early 1950's have survived without major revision and totally unexpected discoveries have provided fundamentally new theoretical challenges. The accomplishments are far too numerous to describe in detail, but a few prominent examples will serve to illustrate the great change in perspective that the space age has brought to our picture of the sun‐earth system.The early years of rocket astronomy were devoted to exploring the solar spectrum from the visible cut‐off near 3000 A to its X‐ray limit. Rockets provided the first means of directly examining these solar wavelengths which the earth's atmosphere blocks, and one of the earliest triumphs of rocket solar astronomy was the discovery of solar X rays originating in the million‐degree coronal plasma. By 1950 the solar spectrum had been broadly mapped and the outlines of the mechanisms by which solar ionizing radiations produce and control the ionosphere became discernable. The past ten years of space research have presented us with a remarkably detailed knowledge of the solar spectrum, the nature of solar active centers, and the character of solar variability in the ionizing fluxes. The slowly varying behavior of the sun during its II‐year cycle from maximum to minimum activity has been observed, and it is most pronounced in the higher energy radiations not detectable at ground level. While some of the principal ultraviolet emissions from hydrogen Lyman α(1216 A) to shorter wavelengths change by only 50 per cent from minimum to maximum, X‐ray fluxes vary tenfold in the wavelengths absorbed in theEregion of the ionosphere and a hundredfold for the short wavelengths (1 to 8 A) that affect theDregion. Solar flares produce prodigious increases in the shortest wavelengths: the largest flare of recent years enhanced the 0‐ to 3‐A flux by more than a hundred‐thousand times. It is thus clearly established that sudden ionospheric disturbances are X‐ray induced. The solar X‐ray and ultraviolet energy input to all levels of the ionosphere is qualitatively understood; an improvement in flux values to a quantitative accuracy of only about 10 per cent is needed to satisfy the requirements of aeronomers for a detailed accounting of the atm

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO051i001p00004

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Sixth International Symposium on Earth Tides was held in France at the University of Strasbourg, September 15–20, 1969. It was organized by the Permanent Commission on Earth Tides, International Association of Geodesy, IUGG.Although many aspects of the meetings were comparable to previous earth tide symposia in that the papers again dealt primarily with instrumentation and data analysis, there was a greater degree of open‐mindedness and willingness to discuss new procedures that added considerably to the value of the meeti

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO051i001p00009

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A NATO Advanced Study Institute on The Moon and The Planets will be held in the School of Physics, The University of Newcastle upon Tyne, April 9–16,1970. Sponsored by the Schools of Physics, Mathematics, Chemistry, and the Department of Geology, the meeting's aim is to contribute to the necessary task of reviewing the vast amount of new data on the moon, Mars, and Venus, which has been obtained through the great advances in space technology. The importance of relating this new knowledge to classical studies of the solar system and to geology and geophysics will be emphasized. Invitations to participate are extended to geophysicists, geologists, astronomers, mathematicians, chemists, and physicists interested in these field

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO051i001p00010-04

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A Summer Institute in Systems Hydrology for undergraduate college teachers of hydrology, engineering, agriculture, geology, or soil science will be conducted at the University of Arizona June 15–August 7, 1970, with the support of the National Science Foundation. Courses to be presented include systems modeling in Hydrology, operations research in water resource systems, and computer‐aided experimentation in probabilistic and deterministic modeling of hydrologic and water resource systems. Further information and application forms may be obtained from Chester C. Kisiel, Hydrology and Water Resources Office, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO051i001p00011-01

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The U.S./IHD Work Group on Education and Training conducted a survey of short courses in hydrology that are open to foreign and domestic participants. The original survey, conducted in January 1967, was updated through June 1968. A few more recent short courses have been added as information became available.Questionnaires were sent to 63 institutions in 1967 (35 replies received) and to 69 institutions in 1968 (42 replies received).

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO051i001p00018

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Only five courses in snow and ice hydrology are taught on the North American continent. These courses are offered at the University of Arizona, Colorado State, and Utah State universities in the United States, and at the University of Guelph and New Brunswick in Canada.Various other aspects of snow and ice are discussed in: 21 courses in glaciology or glacial geology at 14 universities; 3 courses in snow and ice physics at 2 universities; in 1 course in glacial climatology, snow and avalanches, permafrost, and snowpack management.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO051i001p00023

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This symposium was organized by Unesco with the collaboration of the Romanian government and the support of IASH. The printed program included 41 papers‐6 from the U.S., 7 from USSR, 14 from Romania, 2 from India, and one each from England, Canada, Belgium, Poland, Italy, and the Netherlands. U.S. papers are listed belo

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO051i001p00027

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The major objective of the workshop was to improve communications among those from various professional backgrounds and geographical regions having a common interest in the hydrology of snow and ice. During the workshop, the state of the art of snow and ice hydrology was explored and an attempt was made to identify and define some of the major problems and possible solutions.Major workshop sessions were devoted to: (1) distribution and measurement of the snow cover; (2) physics of metamorphism and melt; (3) snow and ice management of water yields; (4) standardization of snow observations; (5) measurement of snowfall and its redistribution; and (6) research cooperation and improvement of communications among those working in the field of snow and ice.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO051i001p00029

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY